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. 2023 Nov 4;14(3):1009–1029. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.023

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The feature of epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic regulation involves DNA methylation, RNA modification, histone methylation and histone acetylation. DNMT family members mediate DNA methylation, which suppresses gene transcription by adding a methyl group to the 5′ position of cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine at cytosines within CpG dinucleotides. RNA modification, which includes mRNA and ncRNA, regulates gene expression by influencing the output and stability of genes in the nucleus. Histone methylation, catalyzed by HMTs and HDMTs, is involved in epigenetic remodeling in liver fibrosis by positively or negatively regulating transcriptional activation. Histone acetylation, regulated by HATs and HDACs, has also been found to be involved in liver diseases.