ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RNS	Reactive nitrogen species
RCS	Reactive chlorine species
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
FR	Free radical
COX	Cyclooxygenase
SGLT1	Sodium glucose cotransporter 1
DPPH	2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
LPH	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
Q4’G	Quercetin-4’-glucoside
MRP2	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2
UDP	Uridine diphosphate
UGT-1A9	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9
HIV	Human immunodeficiency virus
HBV	Hepatitis B virus
HSV	Herpes simplex virus
GSH	Glutathione
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
CAT	Catalase
ARE	Antioxidant response element
NQO1	NAD (P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1
GSTA	Glutathione S-transferase
HMOX1	Heme oxygenase
FTL	Ferritin light chain
NOS	Nitric oxide synthase
NRF2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
ENOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
NO	Nitric oxide
ACE	Angiotensin-converting enzyme
cGMP	Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
GTN	Glyceryl trinitrate
SNP	Sodium nitroprusside
CAD	Coronary artery disease
NF-Κb	Nuclear factor kappa B
TNF-α	Necrosis tumoral alfa
IL-10	Interleukin 10
IL-1β	Interleukin 1β
Ikβα	Βα kappa inhibitor
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
Aβ	Amyloid-beta
BACE1	Beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1
NFTs	Neurofibrillary tangles
GSK	Glycogen synthase kinase
MRSA	Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
TEM	Transmission electron microscopy
HCV	Hepatitis C virus
IAV	Influenza A virus
CHIKV	Chikungunya virus
SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
NS3	Nonstructural protein 3
Akt	Serine/threonine protein kinase
SRC	Sarcoma
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
MMP	Matrix-metalloprotein
KDR	Kinase insert domain receptor
IGF1R	Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
PTK2	Protein tyrosine kinase 2
ABCG2	ATP-binding cassette super-family G
BCRP	Breast cancer resistance protein
MET	Mesenchymal–epithelial transition
RMLV	Rauscher murine leukemia virus
HSCs	Hematopoietic stem cells
α-SMA	Alpha smooth muscle actin
TGF-Β1	Transforming growth factor beta 1
PDGF	Platelet-derived growth factor
CTGF	Connective tissue growth factor
FGF	Fibroblast growth factor
EGF	Epithelial growth factor
ILGF	Insulin-like growth factor
TGFβ3	Transforming growth factor beta 3
G1	Growth 1
P53	Protein 53
P21	Protein 21
P27	Protein 27
FAS	Apoptosis antigen 1
STZ	Streptozotocin
GLUT4	Glucose transporter type 4
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinases
OA	Osteoarthritis
NSAIDs	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase-2
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
HO-1	Heme oxygenase-1
MTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
ECM	Cartilage extracellular matrix
MCP-1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
PKC	Protein kinase C
DAG	Diacylglycerol
HL-60	Human leukemia 60
TPKs	Tyrosine protein kinases
ERK1	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
BAX	Bcl-2-associated X-protein
C-MYC	Cellular myelocytomatosis
K-RAS	Kirsten rat sarcoma
MPT	Mitochondrial permeability transition
SMAC	Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase
DIABLO	Direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI
MCF7	Michigan Cancer Foundation-7
PI	Phosphatidylinositol
PIP	Phosphatidylinositol phosphate
AR	Androgen receptor
BCL-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
COMT	Catechol-O-methyltransferase
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
MDA	Malondialdehyde
ADR	Adriamycin
EGCG	Epigallocatechin gallate
JAK	Janus kinase
STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription
HSP	Heat shock protein
NQO1	NAD (P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
Dox	Doxorubicin
CDKs	Cyclin-dependent kinases
CDKIs	CDK inhibitors
PRB	Retinoblastoma protein
TOPOII	Type II topoisomerase
DSBs	DNA double-strand breaks
PARP	Poly ADP ribose polymerase
CYT C	Cytochrome complex
MMP	Mitochondrial membrane potential
COX	Cyclooxygenase
BCL-XL	B-cell lymphoma-extra-large
BCL-XS	B-cell lymphoma-extra-small
JNKs	Jun N-terminal kinases
WNT	Wingless and Int-1
TCF	T cell factor
TNBC	Triple-negative breast cancer
EMT	Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
PUMA	P53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis
NOXA	Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1
MDM2	Mouse double minute 2
NAG-1	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1
EGR-1	Early growth response 1
SP1	Specificity protein 1
PPARγ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
H-RAS	Harvey rat sarcoma
N-RAS	Neuroblastoma rat sarcoma
SER	Serine
MTORC2	Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2
HUVECs	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
I-Κβ	Inhibitor of NF-Κβ
AP-1	Activating protein-1
MAPKs	Mitogen-activated protein kinases
CAMP	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CREB	Camp-response element-binding protein
ATF2	Activating transcription factor 2
PCD	Programmed cell death
4E-BP1	Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1
P70S6K	P70 ribosomal S6 kinase
HIF-1α	Hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha
TRAIL	Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
LC3B	Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B
PLGA	Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid
MPA	Mycophenolic acid
LNPs	Lipid nanoparticles
P-Gp	P-glycoprotein
MLVs	Multilamellar vesicles
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
PLA	Poly-lactic acid
NLCs	Nanostructured lipid carriers
SLNs	Solid lipid nanoparticles
QU	Quercetin
TQ	Thymoquinone
PEG	Polyethylene glycol
Mab	Monoclonal antibody
MDR	Multidrug resistance
ABC	ATP-binding cassette
FDA	Food And Drug Administration
NPs	Nanoparticles
MSNS	Mesoporous silica nanoparticles
FA	Folic acid
SBA-15	Santa Barbara amorphous-15
H2AX	H2A histone family member X
MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging
Sio2	Silicon dioxide
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
BTN	Biotin
FITC	Fluorescein isothiocyanate
EVS	Extracellular vesicles
GAP	Growth-associated protein