Table 2.

Concepts and excerpts related to learning by teaching theme

Concept	Representative quotes	Perceived effect on learning
Conscious competence	‘Developing a vocabulary for describing what’s going on with the scope is a skill that you don't need to have if you're just scoping because you can just do it and feel it, but it’s a skill that you need to develop if you're trying to teach it or communicate what’s going on with the scope. … It made me more conscious of things that I do unconsciously.’ (Senior 3)	Affordance
Learn by teaching	‘I think anytime you have to teach something, you have to know it better. I think it forces me to be very deliberate, even when I'm just narrating out loud what I'm doing, which isn't something I would do with just an attending in the room.’ (Senior 4)	Affordance
Skill practice	‘These last couple weeks I've been working with them, [there are] maneuvers that I can do better.’ (Senior 8) ‘I think the (senior fellows’) skills improve dramatically in this role. I know for myself, the first year being an attending, reducing a first-year fellow’s loop was a great exercise for me to improve. … I wish I had that opportunity when I was a fellow.’ (Attending 6)	Affordance