Table 4.

Concepts and excerpts related to collaborative learning theme

Concept	Representative quotes	Perceived effect on learning
Senior learner	‘The junior fellow and I learned together. Even though I was in the teaching role, we were both able to learn from the attending, because he stepped in to fill some gaps that I couldn’t.’ (Senior 1)	Affordance
Split attention	‘My focus is a bit more split, because I was trying to figure out how the senior fellow was teaching, and how I could give him feedback on his teaching style, but then also, how the junior fellow was learning and doing the endoscopy … I think it’s hard to do both things well. … You want both fellows to get something out of the situation, and you really want to be able to focus on both.’ (Attending 4)	Barrier
Crowding	‘There were just too many people in the room and too much talking.’ (Senior 3)	Barrier
Dividing learning opportunities	‘I think for interventions, a lot of times the senior will do them and I'm like, I'm never going to do one if they're always the ones doing (therapy).’ (Junior 6)	Barrier