Figure 5.

Aptamer-based protein sensing performed indirectly with biological nanopores and directly with a glass nanopipette. A) Schematic illustration of a protein probe that utilizes a weakly hybridized aptamer and DNA probe. When the protein analyte interacts with the aptamer construct, the DNA aptamer binds to the protein and the DNA probe (modified with CB7) yields unique current block signatures. B) Attaching specific aptamers to gold nanoparticles enables clear discrimination between several different proteins with a nanopipette sensor (lysozyme, cytochrome C, trypsin). Both figures shown here are reproduced with permission.^[86,87] Copyright 2015, Wiley-VCH and Copyright 2017, The Royal Society of Chemistry.