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. 2024 Mar 13;23:35. doi: 10.1186/s12937-024-00938-0

Table 2.

Mean ± SD of food groups in each questionnaire (g/day) as well as mean differences (95%CI) between FFQ1 vs. 24 h and FFQ2 vs. 24 h

Food Groups Mean ± SD Mean Difference (95%CI)
FFQ1 FFQ2 24 h FFQ1 vs. 24 h FFQ2 vs. 24 h
Whole Grain 24.6 ± 29.0 17.6 ± 18.5 27.2 ± 27.7 -0.61 (-2.99, 1.76) -5.94 (-7.99, -3.89)
White Grain 366 ± 170 362 ± 160 305 ± 118 58.4 (49.3, 67.5) 45.4 (36.1, 54.6)
Beans 28.1 ± 16.2 21.6 ± 12.2 23.0 ± 10.9 4.79 (3.58, 6.00) -1.77 (-2.78, -0.77)
Fish 4.36 ± 3.80 3.86 ± 3.31 5.41 ± 2.98 -0.73 (-1.19, -0.27) -1.23 (-1.68, -0.78)
Red Meat 17.2 ± 12.8 14.7 ± 11.8 23.5 ± 13.3 -5.99 (-7.02, -4.97) -8.30 (-9.34, -7.27)
Processed Meat 5.10 ± 4.64 4.98 ± 4.73 3.66 ± 2.49 1.84 (0.84, 2.83) 2.13 (1.10, 3.16)
Chicken 20.0 ± 14.6 20.1 ± 14.6 23.4 ± 12.4 -4.03 (-5.11, -2.94) -3.21 (-4.33,-2.10)
Egg 19.7 ± 10.9 18.7 ± 11.1 18.5 ± 10.2 1.29 (0.40, 2.17) -0.09 (-1.00, 0.82)
Cheese 18.4 ± 10.3 11.7 ± 6.78 13.6 ± 7.05 4.27 (3.57, 4.96) -0.34 (-0.97, 0.29)
Dairy 235 ± 135 218 ± 122 123 ± 72.2 103 (95.0, 112) 91.3 (83.4, 99.2)
Vegetables 448 ± 181 388 ± 156 268 ± 103 172 (161, 184) 108 (97.8, 119)
Juice 8.35 ± 6.77 6.78 ± 5.45 9.33 ± 3.50 -1.09 (-2.67, 0.49) -2.16 (-3.76, -0.56)
Fruit 343 ± 201 311 ± 183 265 ± 114 69.5 (56.1, 82.9) 37.3(24.2, 50.4)
Dried Fruit 14.8 ± 12.4 13.8 ± 10.9 7.77 ± 5.73 6.77 (5.90, 7.65) 5.89 (5.03, 6.74)
Solid oil 11.9 ± 11.3 9.60 ± 9.16 8.56 ± 6.44 3.26 (2.55, 3.98) 1.08(0.50, 1.65)
Liquid Oil 6.01 ± 4.27 5.56 ± 4.05 4.93 ± 3.18 0.77 (0.44, 1.11) 0.39 (0.10, 0.67)
Olive/ Olive Oil 0.42 ± 0.42 0.48 ± 0.51 0.38 ± 0.17 0.18 (0.04, 0.33) 0.19 (-0.02, 0.40)
Nuts 5.90 ± 5.16 5.48 ± 4.15 4.17 ± 3.15 1.63 (1.28, 1.98) 1.21 (0.88, 1.54)
Sugar 28.8 ± 19.2 24.1 ± 16.0 19.6 ± 11.01 8.28 (7.19, 9.36) 3.85 (2.93, 4.76)
Sweets 17.2 ± 12.4 15.5 ± 10.6 19.8 ± 13.0 -2.93 (-4.00, -1.86) -4.31 (-5.40, -3.23)
Sweet Drinks 38.0 ± 35.9 31.3 ± 30.8 35.3 ± 24.5 3.51 (0.38, 6.64) 10.8 (6.34, 15.17)
Tea 570 ± 303 559 ± 308 500 ± 233 72.1 (54.6, 89.7) 59.7 (42.7, 76.7)
Salt 4.25 ± 2.51 4.02 ± 2.16 2.68 ± 1.01 1.43 (1.27, 1.59) 1.17 (1.01, 1.32)