Table 2.
Characteristics of all patients by endotype assignment at day 1
| All patients (N = 393) |
Inflammopathic (N = 101) |
Adaptive (Ν = 148) |
Coagulopathic (Ν = 144) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 62 (12) | 62 (12) | 61 (12) | 63 (12) | 0.477 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 232 (59.0) | 62 (61.4) | 83 (56.1) | 87 (60.4) | 0.645 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 29.9 (5.6) | 29.2 (5.5) | 30.7 (5.6) | 29.6 (5.8) | 0.058 |
| Charlson’s comorbidity index, mean (SD) | 2.2 (1.5) | 2.3 (1.6) | 2.1 (1.4) | 2.3 (1.7) | 0.671 |
| SOFA score, mean (SD) | 2.6 (1.1) | 2.7 (1.2) | 2.3 (1.0)*,# | 2.7 (1.0) | 0.006 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 60 (15.3) | 12 (11.9) | 25 (16.9) | 23 (16.0) | 0.535 |
| Chronic heart failure | 10 (2.5) | 3 (3.0) | 4 (2.7) | 3 (2.1) | 0.899 |
| Chronic renal disease | 5 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 4 (2.8) | 0.115 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 17 (4.3) | 5 (5.0) | 9 (6.1) | 3 (2.1) | 0.229 |
| Co-administered medications, n (%) | |||||
| Assigned to Anakinra intervention | 263 (66.9) | 61 (60.4) | 108 (73.0) | 94 (65.3) | 0.102 |
| Remdesivir | 284 (72.3) | 67 (66.3) | 119 (80.4) | 98 (68.1) | 0.019 |
| Dexamethasone | 387 (98.5) | 100 (99.0) | 146 (98.6) | 141 (97.9) | 0.771 |
| Low molecular weight heparin | 253 (64.4) | 59 (58.4) | 104 (70.3) | 90 (62.5) | 0.262 |
| Venous thromboembolic event, n (%) | 8 (2.0) | 3 (2.9) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (2.1) | 0.673 |
| Arterial thrombosis, n (%) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0.420 |
| Laboratory values, median (Q1–Q3) | |||||
| White blood cells, /mm3 | 6380 (4570–8715) | 7370 (5470–9640) | 5390 (4190–7180)*,# | 6880 (4670–9465) | < 0.0001 |
| Lymphocytes, /mm3 | 770 (560–1050) | 650 (500–900) | 980 (710–1185)*,# | 670 (520–900) | < 0.0001 |
| Platelets, /mm3 | 208,000 (164,000–274500) | 210,000 (175,000–273000) | 186,000 (154,500–243000)*,# | 226,000 (171,000–298500) | 0.007 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/l | 52.0 (25.6–102.4) | 72.8 (25.4–114.6) | 40.4 (21.4–76.8)*,# | 63.0 (31.3–112.3) | 0.003 |
| Interleukin-6, pg/ml | 16.3 (6.4–40.9) | 15.1 (5.8–33.1) | 19.6 (7.2–45.7) | 16.0 (6.1–43.8) | 0.061 |
| Ferritin, ng/ml | 635.9 (351.0–1146.4) | 860.5 (446.0–1520.1) | 533.6 (294.9–934.5)* | 674.0 (310.6–1099.6)$ | < 0.0001 |
| D-dimers, mg/l | 0.53 (0.32–0.95) | 0.59 (0.33–1.16) | 0.46 (0.28–0.77)*,# | 0.55 (0.37–0.92) | 0.040 |
| Serum soluble uPAR, ng/ml | 7.9 (7.0–8.9) | 7.7 (6.8–9.5) | 8.0 (7.0–8.5) | 8.0 (6.8–8.9) | 0.835 |
| PaO2: FiO2 | 216 (172–275) | 203 (154–250) | 246 (199–293)*,# | 203 (159–274) | < 0.0001 |
P-values of statistical significance are marked in bold
SD standard deviation, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, Q quartile, uPAR urokinase plasminogen activator receptor
*p < 0.05 for comparison between adaptive and inflammopathic endotype
#p < 0.05 for comparison between adaptive and coagulopathic endotype
$p < 0.05 for comparison between inflammopathic and coagulopathic endotype