Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients with history of ECAS in different treatment groups
| Variables | AP only n = 2,850 |
Warfarin* n = 809 |
NOACs# n = 767 |
AP + Warfarin& n = 483 |
AP + NOACs$ n = 345 |
P* | P# | P& | P$ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years; mean value (SD) | 78.92 (9.36) | 74.84 (10.43) | 77.48 (10.18) | 74.77 (10.22) | 76.07 (9.08) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Age ≥ 75 years, n (%) | 2075 (72.81) | 468 (57.85) | 503 (65.58) | 273 (56.52) | 200 (57.97) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Age 65–74 years, n (%) | 549 (19.26) | 203 (25.09) | 165 (21.51) | 124 (25.67) | 113 (32.75) | < 0.001 | 0.175 | 0.003 | < 0.001 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 1774 (62.25) | 457 (56.49) | 473 (61.67) | 317 (65.63) | 254 (73.62) | 0.004 | 0.771 | 0.150 | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 2648 (92.91) | 686 (84.8) | 704 (91.79) | 437 (90.48) | 321 (93.04) | < 0.001 | 0.307 | 0.087 | 0.928 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1283 (45.02) | 270 (33.37) | 327 (42.63) | 209 (43.27) | 172 (49.86) | < 0.001 | 0.237 | 0.475 | 0.091 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1320 (46.32) | 401 (49.57) | 352 (45.89) | 249 (51.55) | 140 (40.58) | 0.103 | 0.835 | 0.034 | 0.041 |
| Vascular diseases | 546 (19.16) | 86 (10.63) | 119 (15.51) | 92 (19.05) | 84 (24.35) | < 0.001 | 0.015 | 0.955 | 0.033 |
| COPD | 1006 (35.3) | 217 (26.82) | 252 (32.86) | 118 (24.43) | 116 (33.62) | < 0.001 | 0.203 | < 0.001 | 0.535 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1497 (52.53) | 369 (45.61) | 474 (61.8) | 253 (52.38) | 250 (72.46) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.953 | < 0.001 |
| Autoimmune diseases | 166 (5.82) | 28 (3.46) | 46 (6) | 23 (4.76) | 31 (8.99) | 0.002 | 0.858 | 0.319 | 0.049 |
| Cancer | 375 (13.16) | 84 (10.38) | 103 (13.43) | 58 (12.01) | 58 (16.81) | 0.026 | 0.845 | 0.476 | 0.085 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 102 (3.58) | 28 (3.46) | 15 (1.96) | 10 (2.07) | 9 (2.61) | 0.872 | 0.008 | 0.041 | 0.300 |
| Abnormal renal function | 785 (27.54) | 129 (15.95) | 167 (21.77) | 114 (23.6) | 99 (28.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.062 | 0.655 |
| Abnormal liver function | 476 (16.7) | 110 (13.6) | 150 (19.56) | 67 (13.87) | 70 (20.29) | 0.026 | 0.074 | 0.101 | 0.116 |
| Anemia | 505 (17.72) | 102 (12.61) | 97 (12.65) | 51 (10.56) | 33 (9.57) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| History of bleeding | 938 (32.91) | 219 (27.07) | 272 (35.46) | 127 (26.29) | 104 (30.14) | 0.001 | 0.189 | 0.003 | 0.293 |
| Alcohol excess/abuse | 45 (1.58) | 18 (2.22) | 23 (3.0) | 9 (1.86) | 2 (0.58) | 0.257 | 0.031 | 0.476 | < 0.001 |
| Gout | 731 (25.65) | 192 (23.73) | 222 (28.94) | 129 (26.71) | 121 (35.07) | 0.262 | 0.072 | 0.627 | < 0.001 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score; mean values (SD) | 6.06 (1.3) | 5.63 (1.39) | 5.86 (1.42) | 5.77 (1.43) | 5.83 (1.32) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
| HAS-BLED score, mean value (SD) | 4.63 (0.95) | 3.29 (1.04) | 3.64 (1.01) | 4.37 (0.98) | 4.61 (0.92) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.688 |
AP Anti-platelet agents, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ECAS Extracranial artery stenosis, NOACs Non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, SD Standard deviation
*P value between Warfarin and AP only
#P value between NOACs and AP only
&P value between “AP + warfarin” and AP only
$P value between “AP + NOACs” and AP only