Table 3.
Study outcomes according to surgical prophylaxis exposure
| Overall N = 46 (100) |
Standard prophylaxis N = 24 (52) |
Targeted prophylaxis N = 22 (48) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcomes | 30 (65) | 14 (58) | 16 (73) | 0.364 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||
| Infections by ESBL/MDR GN bacteria, n (%) | 15 (33) | 4 (17)h | 11 (50)h | 0.027 |
| Colonizations by ESBL/MDR GN bacteria, n (%) | 15 (33) | 10 (42) | 5 (23) | 0.212 |
| Other outcomes | ||||
| Infection by MS GN bacteria, n (%) | 2(4) | 1(4) | 2(5) | 0.999 |
| Infection by GP bacteria, n (%) | 6 (13) | 2 (8) | 4 (18)l | 0.405 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation, hours | 24 [20–59] | 24 [19–64] | 24 [20–59] | 0.125 |
| Re-tracheal intubation and/or tracheostomy, n (%) | 10 (22) | 2 (8) | 8 (36) | 0.032 |
| Anastomotic complications, n (%) | 4 (9) | 2 (8) | 2 (9) | 0.999 |
| 30-day acute rejectiong, n (%) | 11 (24) | 8 (33) | 3 (14) | 0.171 |
| ICU LOS, days | 7 [5–17] | 6 [3–14] | 8 [6–23] | 0.002 |
| Hospital LOS, days | 33 [30–45] | 33 [30–38] | 35 [31–50] | 0.039 |
| Hospital mortality, n (%) | 3 (7) | 0 (0) | 3 (14) | 0.101 |
| ECMO post-surgery, n (%) | 5 (11) | 3 (13) | 2 (9) | 0.999 |
| PGD at 72 h | 1 [0–2] | 1 [0–1] | 1 [0–2] | 0.286 |
| Immunosuppressive therapy (cyclosporine (ref))m | 30 (65) | 13 (54) | 17 (77) | 0.129 |
| Renal replacement therapy, n (%)) | 6 (13) | 2 (8) | 4 (19) | 0.405 |
*Data are expressed as number and (percentage) or median and [interquartile range]. h: One patient treated with ‘standard’ prophylaxis and one patient with ‘targeted’ therapy, defined as ‘infected’ by MDR GN bacteria, had also a secondary colonization by different MDR GN bacteria; i: one recipient, infected by a MS GN bacteria, was also colonized by a MDR GN bacteria. l: one patients was colonized by postoperative MDR GN bacteria. g: rejection is defined according to International Society for heart and lung transplantation (ISHLT) criteria (i.e., A3-A4 and/or B2 grade at biopsy) [38]. m: The other LT recipients were treated with tacrolimus. Abbreviations: MDR, multidrug-resistant; MS, multisensitive; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; H, hospital; ICU, intensive care unit; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; PGD, primary graft dysfunction; n, number