Table 1.
Baseline clinical and OCT characteristics
| All (n = 346) |
Lower UHR (n = 173) |
Higher UHR (n = 173) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 58.83 ± 11.46 | 61.82 ± 10.71 | 55.85 ± 11.43 | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 266 (76.9) | 110 (63.6) | 156 (90.2) | < 0.001 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 11 (3.2) | 7 (4.0) | 4 (2.3) | 0.358 |
| Hypertension | 190 (54.9) | 94 (54.3) | 96 (55.5) | 0.829 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 84 (24.3) | 40 (23.1) | 44 (25.4) | 0.616 |
| CAD | 155 (44.8) | 78 (45.1) | 77 (44.5) | 0.914 |
| Previous PCI | 43 (12.4) | 19 (11.0) | 24 (13.9) | 0.415 |
| Stroke | 14 (4.0) | 9 (5.2) | 5 (2.9) | 0.275 |
| Alcohol consumption | 54 (15.6) | 20 (11.6) | 34 (19.7) | 0.038 |
| Current smoking | 145 (41.9) | 53 (30.6) | 92 (53.2) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking years | 13.74 ± 16.20 | 10.50 ± 15.64 | 16.95 ± 16.16 | < 0.001 |
| Statins, n (%) | 228 (65.9) | 107 (61.8) | 121 (69.9) | 0.112 |
| UA-lowering drugs, n (%) | 30 (8.7) | 14 (8.1) | 16 (9.2) | 0.862 |
| Febuxostat | 19 (5.5) | 8 (4.6) | 11 (6.4) | |
| Benzbromarone | 9 (2.6) | 5 (2.9) | 4 (2.3) | |
| Allopurinol | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Diagnosis, n (%) | 0.103 | |||
| Unstable angina | 185 (53.5) | 101 (58.4) | 84 (48.6) | |
| NSTEMI | 110 (31.8) | 46 (26.6) | 64 (37.0) | |
| STEMI | 51 (14.7) | 26 (15.0) | 25 (14.5) | |
| Laboratory results, mean ± SD | ||||
| WBC, ×109/L | 6.98 ± 2.42 | 6.88 ± 2.62 | 7.08 ± 2.21 | 0.459 |
| Hb, g/L | 141.82 ± 17.07 | 139.323 ± 16.27 | 144.31 ± 17.52 | 0.006 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.49 ± 1.69 | 6.41 ± 1.36 | 6.56 ± 1.96 | 0.442 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 599.78 ± 1756.07 | 522.21 ± 1439.95 | 678.76 ± 2029.41 | 0.414 |
| Hs-cTnI, pg/ml | 316.80 ± 959.76 | 297.73 ± 921.31 | 335.52 ± 998.54 | 0.724 |
| CK-MB, U/L | 25.76 ± 35.76 | 29.27 ± 43.55 | 22.33 ± 25.69 | 0.074 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.99 ± 2.21 | 5.99 ± 2.53 | 5.98 ± 1.88 | 0.961 |
| Creatine, µmol/L | 74.65 ± 50.80 | 71.90 ± 69.31 | 77.41 ± 18.93 | 0.314 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 100.15 ± 25.18 | 103.37 ± 27.33 | 96.93 ± 22.44 | 0.017 |
| TC, mmol/L | 3.79 ± 1.00 | 3.87 ± 0.94 | 3.71 ± 1.05 | 0.148 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.80 ± 1.43 | 1.43 ± 0.69 | 2.17 ± 1.83 | < 0.001 |
| UA, mg/dl | 5.47 ± 1.41 | 4.55 ± 0.95 | 6.38 ± 1.19 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 41.06 ± 10.16 | 47.37 ± 9.70 | 34.76 ± 5.76 | < 0.001 |
| UHR (%) | 14.36 ± 5.77 | 9.92 ± 2.37 | 18.80 ± 4.64 | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.19 ± 0.86 | 2.24 ± 0.87 | 2.15 ± 0.86 | 0.334 |
| VLDL-C, mmol/L | 0.54 ± 0.47 | 0.42 ± 0.25 | 0.66 ± 0.60 | < 0.001 |
| Apo A1, g/L | 1.24 ± 0.26 | 1.37 ± 0.26 | 1.11 ± 0.18 | < 0.001 |
| Apo B, g/L | 0.84 ± 0.27 | 0.83 ± 0.26 | 0.86 ± 0.27 | 0.292 |
| Lp(a), mg/dl | 21.90 ± 27.19 | 25.36 ± 29.83 | 18.43 ± 23.85 | 0.018 |
| TSH, µIU/ml | 3.26 ± 4.35 | 3.89 ± 5.95 | 2.63 ± 1.42 | 0.010 |
| D-dimer, µg/ml | 485.62 ± 1098.93 | 492.01 ± 918.72 | 479.19 ± 1257.11 | 0.914 |
| LVEF, % | 63.14 ± 7.94 | 64.21 ± 7.03 | 62.06 ± 8.65 | 0.017 |
| Culprit vessels, n (%) | 0.613 | |||
| LAD | 237 (68.5) | 123 (71.1) | 114 (65.9) | |
| LCX | 43 (12.4) | 20 (11.6) | 23 (13.3 | |
| RCA | 66 (19.1) | 30 (17.3) | 36 (20.8) | |
| Lesion site, n (%) | 0.220 | |||
| Proximal | 209 (60.4) | 103 (59.5) | 106 (61.3) | |
| Middle | 121 (35.0) | 65 (37.6) | 56 (32.4) | |
| Distal | 16 (4.6) | 5 (2.9) | 11 (6.4) | |
| Stents, n (%) | 0.240 | |||
| 0 | 111 (32.1) | 61 (35.3) | 50 (28.9) | |
| 1 | 141 (40.8) | 72 (41.6) | 69 (39.9) | |
| 2 | 60 (17.3) | 29 (16.8) | 31 (17.9) | |
| 3 | 27 (7.8) | 9 (5.2) | 18 (10.4) | |
| >3 | 7 (2.0) | 2 (1.2) | 5 (2.9) | |
| Plaque morphology, n (%) | ||||
| Plaque rupture | 95 (27.5) | 36 (20.8) | 59 (34.1) | 0.006 |
| Plaque erosion | 68 (19.7) | 26 (15.0) | 42 (24.3) | 0.054 |
| Calcified nodule | 12 (3.5) | 7 (4.0) | 5 (2.9) | 0.170 |
| Plaque type, n (%) | ||||
| Thrombus | 118 (34.1) | 45 (26.0) | 73 (42.2) | 0.002 |
| Red thrombus | 6 (1.7) | 2 (1.2) | 4 (2.3) | |
| White thrombus | 71 (20.5) | 30 (17.3) | 41 (23.7) | |
| Mixed thrombus | 41 (11.8) | 13 (7.5) | 28 (16.2) | |
| TCFA | 23 (6.6) | 12 (6.9) | 11 (6.4) | 0.234 |
| Fibrous plaque | 161 (46.5) | 79 (45.7) | 82 (47.4) | 0.441 |
| FCT of fibrous plaque, µm | 981.62 ± 330.96 | 980.39 ± 362.75 | 982.83 ± 298.57 | 0.963 |
| Calcification | 89 (25.7) | 55 (31.8) | 34 (19.7) | 0.023 |
| angle, ° | 190.34 ± 112.45 | 179.23 ± 107.91 | 206.86 ± 118.51 | 0.264 |
| thickness, mm | 11.01 ± 93.72 | 17.62 ± 120.52 | 0.91 ± 0.29 | 0.422 |
| length, mm | 23.40 ± 13.11 | 20.68 ± 9.60 | 27.27 ± 16.30 | 0.043 |
| Lipid-rich plaque | 88 (25.4) | 39 (22.5) | 49 (28.3) | 0.172 |
| FCT, µm | 147.31 ± 178.09 | 121.55 ± 88.65 | 166.75 ± 222.08 | 0.227 |
| Lipid arc, ° | 204.35 ± 69.60 | 215.80 ± 60.03 | 195.54 ± 75.55 | 0.168 |
| Cholesterol crystal | 151 (43.6) | 71 (41.0) | 80 (46.2) | 0.355 |
| Micro-vessel | 72 (20.8) | 33 (19.1) | 39 (22.5) | 0.265 |
| Macrophage | 87 (25.1) | 44 (25.4) | 43 (24.9) | 0.829 |
| Quantitative of target vessel | ||||
| MLA, mm2 | 2.14 ± 1.37 | 2.23 ± 1.34 | 2.03 ± 1.40 | 0.192 |
| MLD, mm | 1.58 ± 0.46 | 1.61 ± 0.45 | 1.55 ± 0.48 | 0.184 |
| Diameter stenosis, % | 45.23 ± 12.28 | 43.40 ± 12.60 | 47.06 ± 11.71 | 0.005 |
| Area stenosis, % | 68.95 ± 14.60 | 66.79 ± 15.67 | 71.11 ± 13.13 | 0.006 |
| Reference vessel diameter, mm | 2.69 ± 0.68 | 2.64 ± 0.62 | 2.73 ± 0.73 | 0.242 |
| Post-stent MLA, mm2 | 5.01 ± 1.96 | 5.16 ± 2.34 | 4.89 ± 1.57 | 0.334 |
OCT, optical coherence tomography; UHR, UA to HDL-C ratio; CAD, coronary artery disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; UA, uric acid; NSTEMI, non-ST segment elevated myocardial infarction; STEMI, ST segment elevated myocardial infarction; SD, standard deviation; WBC, white blood cell; Hb, hemoglobin; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; NT-proBNP, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide; Hs-cTnI, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I; CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL-C, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Apo, apolipoprotein; Lp(a), lipoprotein (a); TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LCX, left circumflex artery; RCA, right coronary artery; TCFA, thin-cap fibroatheroma; FCT, fibrous cap thickness; MLA, minimal lumen area; MLD, minimal lumen diameter