TABLE 1.
Characteristic | Before matching median (quartiles) or patients, n | After matching median (quartiles) or patients, n | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PH(−) (n = 80) | PH(+) (n = 66) | p Value* | PH(−) (n = 41) | PH(+) (n = 41) | p Value* | |
Age (years) a | 74 (68–79) | 71 (67–79) | 0.55 | 73 (68–82) | 72 (66–82) | 0.74 |
Sex (male/female), n | 66/14 | 51/15 | 0.53 | 35/6 | 32/9 | 0.57 |
Etiology (HBV/HCV/non‐viral), n | 12/22/46 | 8/30/28 | 0.081 | 7/13/21 | 5/23/13 | 0.090 |
Child‐Pugh score (5/6/7), n | 49/25/6 | 28/24/14 | 0.021 | 25/14/2 | 23/13/5 | 0.62 |
ECOG PS (0/1), n | 74/6 | 62/4 | 1 | 38/3 | 38/3 | 1 |
Line of Atezo + Beva (1st/2nd/3rd/4th/5th), n | 48/27/0/4/1 | 49/11/2/3/1 | 0.063 | 26/14/0/1/0 | 28/8/1/3/1 | 0.27 |
Previous treatment prior to Atezo + Beva (absent/present), n | 18/62 | 10/56 | 0.30 | 9/32 | 4/37 | 0.23 |
Resection (absent/present), n | 41/39 | 35/31 | 0.87 | 22/19 | 21/20 | 1 |
Ablation (absent/present), n | 78/2 | 59/7 | 0.080 | 39/2 | 34/7 | 0.16 |
Chemoembolization (absent/present), n | 35/45 | 20/46 | 0.12 | 17/24 | 11/30 | 0.24 |
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (absent/present), n | 79/1 | 61/5 | 0.091 | 40/1 | 38/3 | 0.62 |
Observation period (month) a | 12.8 (8.2–18.6) | 11.0 (6.7–17.6) | 0.28 | 13.7 (5.7–16.9) | 11.8 (6.9–18.8) | 0.71 |
ALBI score a | −2.57 (−2.75 to −2.19) | −2.31 (−2.56 to −1.92) | <0.001 | −2.52 (−2.69 to −2.13) | −2.48 (−2.69 to −2.14) | 0.97 |
Modified ALBI grade (1/2a/2b/3), n | 37/20/23/0 | 16/20/28/2 | 0.016 | 16/11/14/0 | 15/13/13/0 | 0.92 |
Serum albumin (g/dL) a | 3.9 (3.4–4.1) | 3.6 (3.3–3.9) | 0.019 | 3.8 (3.3–4.0) | 3.8 (3.4–4.1) | 0.96 |
Serum total bilirubin (mg/dL) a | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | <0.001 | 0.7 (0.6–1.1) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 1 |
Prothrombin activity (%) a | 97 (88–103) | 84 (76–94) | <0.001 | 91 (86–100) | 92 (82–97) | 0.57 |
Ascites (none/mild/moderate to severe), n | 74/6/0 | 60/5/1 | 0.75 | 40/1/0 | 38/2/1 | 0.62 |
Encephalopathy (none/Grade I–II/Grade III–IV), n | 80/0/0 | 66/0/0 | 1 | 41/0/0 | 41/0/0 | 1 |
Serum ammonia level (μg/dL) a | 26 (17–34) | 33 (23–51) | <0.001 | 26 (18–35) | 30 (21–41) | 0.30 |
Size of main hepatic tumor (mm) a | 37 (16–63) | 30 (17–49) | 0.42 | 40 (22–70) | 30 (15–45) | 0.25 |
Relative tumor size (<50%/>50%), n | 76/4 | 60/6 | 0.35 | 38/3 | 36/5 | 0.71 |
MVI (absent/present), n | 68/12 | 47/19 | 0.067 | 33/8 | 28/13 | 0.31 |
Vp (1/2/3/4), n | 0/3/6/2 | 3/4/4/5 | 0.31 | 0/2/5/0 | 3/1/4/3 | 0.20 |
Vv (1/2/3), n | 0/1/3 | 2/1/3 | 0.71 | 0/1/2 | 2/1/3 | 1 |
EHM (absent/present), n | 49/31 | 53/13 | 0.018 | 30/11 | 30/11 | 1 |
BCLC stage (A/B/C), n | 4/39/37 | 5/33/28 | 0.81 | 3/21/17 | 4/16/21 | 0.64 |
Serum AFP level (ng/mL) a | 24.2 (4.3–351) | 33 (4.3–176) | 0.93 | 21.8 (4.9–216) | 38.5 (4.5–240) | 0.53 |
Serum DCP level (mAU/mL) a | 362 (55–4893) | 358 (110–1918) | 0.98 | 418 (112–3039) | 567 (109–2705) | 0.30 |
Esophageal and/or gastric varices (absent/present), n | 80/0 | 16/50 | <0.001 | 41/0 | 10/31 | <0.001 |
Form of esophageal varices (absent/F0/F1/F2/F3), n | 80/0/0/0/0 | 19/2/37/8/0 | <0.001 | 41/0/0/0/0 | 13/2/21/5/0 | <0.001 |
Red color sign of esophageal varices (RC0/RC1/RC2), n | 80/0/0 | 57/7/2 | <0.001 | 41/0/0 | 37/3/1 | 0.12 |
Form of gastric varices (absent/F0/F1/F2/F3), n | 80/0/0/0/0 | 51/0/8/6/1 | <0.001 | 41/0/0/0/0 | 31/0/5/5/0 | 0.001 |
Red color sign of gastric varices (RC0/RC1), n | 80/0 | 64/2 | 0.20 | 41/0 | 41/0 | 1 |
Splenomegaly (absent/present), n | 80/0 | 45/21 | <0.001 | 41/0 | 28/13 | <0.001 |
Volume of the spleen (cm2) a | 59 (45–78) | 97 (71–128) | <0.001 | 65 (48–79) | 93 (71–131) | <0.001 |
Portosystemic collateral vessels (absent/present), n | 80/0 | 21/45 | <0.001 | 41/0 | 14/27 | <0.001 |
Diameter of left gastric vein (mm) a | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1–4) | 0.014 | 1 (1–2) | 3 (1–4) | <0.001 |
Diameter of posterior gastric vein (mm) a | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–4) | <0.001 | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–3) | 0.039 |
Diameter of short gastric vein (mm) a | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 0.0034 | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 0.047 |
Diameter of paraesophageal vein (mm) a | 1 (1–1) | 2 (1–4) | <0.001 | 1 (1–1) | 2 (1–4) | <0.001 |
Diameter of paraumbilical vein (mm) a | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.0034 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.093 |
Diameter of gastrorenal shunt (mm) a | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.29 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.33 |
Diameter of splenorenal shunt (mm) a | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | <0.001 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.012 |
Abbreviations: AFP, alpha‐fetoprotein; ALBI, albumin–bilirubin; Atezo + Beva, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination therapy; BCLC, Barcelona clinic liver cancer; DCP, des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin.; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; EHM, extrahepatic metastasis; HBV, hepatitis B virus infection; HCV, hepatitis C virus infection; MVI, microvascular invasion.
Median (quartiles).
Fisher's exact test or chi‐squared test, Mann–Whitney U‐test.