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. 2024 Mar 13;13(5):e7025. doi: 10.1002/cam4.7025

TABLE 1.

Comparison of clinical characteristics at the start of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination therapy between patients without portal hypertension (PH(−)) and with portal hypertension (PH(+)) at the time of study entry before and after propensity score matching.

Characteristic Before matching median (quartiles) or patients, n After matching median (quartiles) or patients, n
PH(−) (n = 80) PH(+) (n = 66) p Value* PH(−) (n = 41) PH(+) (n = 41) p Value*
Age (years) a 74 (68–79) 71 (67–79) 0.55 73 (68–82) 72 (66–82) 0.74
Sex (male/female), n 66/14 51/15 0.53 35/6 32/9 0.57
Etiology (HBV/HCV/non‐viral), n 12/22/46 8/30/28 0.081 7/13/21 5/23/13 0.090
Child‐Pugh score (5/6/7), n 49/25/6 28/24/14 0.021 25/14/2 23/13/5 0.62
ECOG PS (0/1), n 74/6 62/4 1 38/3 38/3 1
Line of Atezo + Beva (1st/2nd/3rd/4th/5th), n 48/27/0/4/1 49/11/2/3/1 0.063 26/14/0/1/0 28/8/1/3/1 0.27
Previous treatment prior to Atezo + Beva (absent/present), n 18/62 10/56 0.30 9/32 4/37 0.23
Resection (absent/present), n 41/39 35/31 0.87 22/19 21/20 1
Ablation (absent/present), n 78/2 59/7 0.080 39/2 34/7 0.16
Chemoembolization (absent/present), n 35/45 20/46 0.12 17/24 11/30 0.24
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (absent/present), n 79/1 61/5 0.091 40/1 38/3 0.62
Observation period (month) a 12.8 (8.2–18.6) 11.0 (6.7–17.6) 0.28 13.7 (5.7–16.9) 11.8 (6.9–18.8) 0.71
ALBI score a −2.57 (−2.75 to −2.19) −2.31 (−2.56 to −1.92) <0.001 −2.52 (−2.69 to −2.13) −2.48 (−2.69 to −2.14) 0.97
Modified ALBI grade (1/2a/2b/3), n 37/20/23/0 16/20/28/2 0.016 16/11/14/0 15/13/13/0 0.92
Serum albumin (g/dL) a 3.9 (3.4–4.1) 3.6 (3.3–3.9) 0.019 3.8 (3.3–4.0) 3.8 (3.4–4.1) 0.96
Serum total bilirubin (mg/dL) a 0.7 (0.5–0.9) 0.9 (0.7–1.1) <0.001 0.7 (0.6–1.1) 0.8 (0.7–0.9) 1
Prothrombin activity (%) a 97 (88–103) 84 (76–94) <0.001 91 (86–100) 92 (82–97) 0.57
Ascites (none/mild/moderate to severe), n 74/6/0 60/5/1 0.75 40/1/0 38/2/1 0.62
Encephalopathy (none/Grade I–II/Grade III–IV), n 80/0/0 66/0/0 1 41/0/0 41/0/0 1
Serum ammonia level (μg/dL) a 26 (17–34) 33 (23–51) <0.001 26 (18–35) 30 (21–41) 0.30
Size of main hepatic tumor (mm) a 37 (16–63) 30 (17–49) 0.42 40 (22–70) 30 (15–45) 0.25
Relative tumor size (<50%/>50%), n 76/4 60/6 0.35 38/3 36/5 0.71
MVI (absent/present), n 68/12 47/19 0.067 33/8 28/13 0.31
Vp (1/2/3/4), n 0/3/6/2 3/4/4/5 0.31 0/2/5/0 3/1/4/3 0.20
Vv (1/2/3), n 0/1/3 2/1/3 0.71 0/1/2 2/1/3 1
EHM (absent/present), n 49/31 53/13 0.018 30/11 30/11 1
BCLC stage (A/B/C), n 4/39/37 5/33/28 0.81 3/21/17 4/16/21 0.64
Serum AFP level (ng/mL) a 24.2 (4.3–351) 33 (4.3–176) 0.93 21.8 (4.9–216) 38.5 (4.5–240) 0.53
Serum DCP level (mAU/mL) a 362 (55–4893) 358 (110–1918) 0.98 418 (112–3039) 567 (109–2705) 0.30
Esophageal and/or gastric varices (absent/present), n 80/0 16/50 <0.001 41/0 10/31 <0.001
Form of esophageal varices (absent/F0/F1/F2/F3), n 80/0/0/0/0 19/2/37/8/0 <0.001 41/0/0/0/0 13/2/21/5/0 <0.001
Red color sign of esophageal varices (RC0/RC1/RC2), n 80/0/0 57/7/2 <0.001 41/0/0 37/3/1 0.12
Form of gastric varices (absent/F0/F1/F2/F3), n 80/0/0/0/0 51/0/8/6/1 <0.001 41/0/0/0/0 31/0/5/5/0 0.001
Red color sign of gastric varices (RC0/RC1), n 80/0 64/2 0.20 41/0 41/0 1
Splenomegaly (absent/present), n 80/0 45/21 <0.001 41/0 28/13 <0.001
Volume of the spleen (cm2) a 59 (45–78) 97 (71–128) <0.001 65 (48–79) 93 (71–131) <0.001
Portosystemic collateral vessels (absent/present), n 80/0 21/45 <0.001 41/0 14/27 <0.001
Diameter of left gastric vein (mm) a 2 (1–3) 3 (1–4) 0.014 1 (1–2) 3 (1–4) <0.001
Diameter of posterior gastric vein (mm) a 1 (1–2) 2 (1–4) <0.001 1 (1–2) 1 (1–3) 0.039
Diameter of short gastric vein (mm) a 1 (1–1) 1 (1–1) 0.0034 1 (1–1) 1 (1–1) 0.047
Diameter of paraesophageal vein (mm) a 1 (1–1) 2 (1–4) <0.001 1 (1–1) 2 (1–4) <0.001
Diameter of paraumbilical vein (mm) a 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0.0034 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0.093
Diameter of gastrorenal shunt (mm) a 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0.29 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0.33
Diameter of splenorenal shunt (mm) a 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) <0.001 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0.012

Abbreviations: AFP, alpha‐fetoprotein; ALBI, albumin–bilirubin; Atezo + Beva, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination therapy; BCLC, Barcelona clinic liver cancer; DCP, des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin.; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; EHM, extrahepatic metastasis; HBV, hepatitis B virus infection; HCV, hepatitis C virus infection; MVI, microvascular invasion.

a

Median (quartiles).

*

Fisher's exact test or chi‐squared test, Mann–Whitney U‐test.