Table 3.

Perinatal and adulthood risk factors and standardised spirometric and MBNW tests’ results in prematurely born young adults

	FEV1 z -score (n = 50)		FEV1/FVC z -score (n = 50)		MEF25 z -score (n = 51)		MEF50 z -score (n = 51)		MEF75 z -score (n = 51)		LCi 2.5%norm (n = 52)		LCI 2.5%norm. ≥ 6.99
	mean ± SD	p-value	mean ± SD	p-value	mean ± SD	p-value	mean ± SD	p-value	mean ± SD	p`-value	mean ± SD	p-value	n	%	p-value
Prenatal steroids
No (n = 14)	-0.97 ± 1.14	0.053	-0.86 ± 1.61	0.947	-0.71 ± 1.13	0.522	-0.74 ± 1.27	0.533	-0.98 ± 0.95	0.530	6.78 ± 0.64	0.058	14	42.9%	0.020
Yes (n = 38)	-0.16 ± 1.35		-0.89 ± 1.32		-0.46 ± 1.28		-0.47 ± 1.44		-0.78 ± 1.05		6.42 ± 0.59		38	13.2%
Congenital pneumonia
No (n = 34)	-0.32 ± 1.41	0.593	-0.85 ± 1.51	0.803	-0.62 ± 1.36	0.500	-0.62 ± 1.53	0.607	-0.80 ± 1.09	0.730	6.47 ± 0.56	0.501	34	14.7%	0.159
Yes (n = 18)	-0.53 ± 1.21		-0.95 ± 1.17		-0.37 ±		-0.41 ± 1.12		-0.90 ± 0.89		6.60 ± 0.72		18	33.3%
Mechanical ventilation
< 7 days (n = 40)	-0.39 ± 1.38	0.968	-0.82 ± 1.42	0.503	-0.60 ± 1.27	0.433	-0.59 ± 1.46	0.680	-0.74 ± 1.07	0.240	6.39 ± 0.53	0.005	40	12.5%	0.005
≥ 7 days (n = 12)	-0.37 ± 1.20		-1.15 ± 1.29		-0.27 ± 1.11		-0.33 ± 1.11		-1.15 ± 0.76		6.94 ± 0.72		12	50.0%
Surfactant
No (n = 41)	-0.37 ± 1.32	0.834	-0.79 ± 1.33	0.373	-0.53 ± 1.23	0.947	-0.54 ± 1.35	0.943	-0.75 ± 0.93	0.342	6.40 ± 0.52	0.010	41	14.6%	0.026
Yes (n = 11)	-0.47 ± 1.48		-1.24 ± 1.63		-0.56 ± 1.33		-0.57 ± 1.61		-1.11 ± 1.35		6.94 ± 0.78		11	45.5%
RDS
No (n = 37)	-0.44 ± 1.36	0.685	-0.75 ± 1.36	0.298	-0.57 ± 1.23	0.729	-0.52 ± 1.40	0.860	-0.73 ± 0.97	0.253	6.42 ± 0.53	0.081	37	13.5%	0.034
Yes (n = 15)	-0.27 ± 1.32		-1.21 ± 1.45		-0.43 ± 1.28		-0.60 ± 1.41		-1.10 ± 1.13		6.75 ± 0.77		15	40.0%
Sepsis
No (n = 46)	-0.42 ± 1.32	0.677	-0.87 ± 1.43	0.874	-0.54 ± 1.27	0.951	-0.58 ± 1.40	0.621	-0.86 ± 0.99	0.613	6.46 ± 0.59	0.085	46	19.6%	0.595
Yes (n = 6)	-0.17 ± 1.54		-0.96 ± 1.18		-0.50 ± 0.96		-0.28 ± 1.35		-0.63 ± 1.33		6.93 ± 0.72		6	33.3%
Postnatal steroids
No (n = 47)	-0.30 ± 1.34	0.107	-0.76 ± 1.36	0.042	-0.49 ± 1.21	0.617	-0.47 ± 1.37	0.294	-0.76 ± 1.00	0.093	6.49 ± 0.61	0.104	47	19.1%	0.150
Yes (n = 4)	-1.60 ± 1.02		-2.45 ± 1.17		-0.82 ± 1.76		-1.25 ± 1.72		-1.66 ± 1.19		7.01 ± 0.59		4	50.0%
Hospitalisations due to respiratory infections up to 2 years of age
No (n = 40)	-0.22 ± 1.10	0.103	-0.61 ± 1.30	0.013	-0.29 ± 1.13	0.010	-0.25 ± 1.24	0.006	-0.62 ± 0.92	0.006	6.47 ± 0.59	0.294	40	22.5%	0.664
Yes (n = 12)	-0.94 ± 1.85		-1.74 ± 1.35		-1.32 ± 1.27		-1.48 ± 1.47		-1.52 ± 1.06		6.68 ± 0.72		12	16.7%
Current asthma
No (n = 46)	-0.28 ± 1.34	0.108	-0.80 ± 1.37	0.242	-0.42 ± 1.21	0.079	-0.46 ± 1.42	0.221	-0.76 ± 1.04	0.173	6.44 ± 0.59	0.010	46	17.4%	0.066
Yes (n = 6)	-1.21 ± 1.05		-1.51 ± 1.49		-1.36 ± 1.16		-1.20 ± 0.97		-1.37 ± 0.68		7.12 ± 0.54		6	50.0%
Current smoking
No (n = 37)	-0.60 ± 1.40	0.085	-0.90 ± 1.40	0.894	-0.61 ± 1.23	0.509	-0.69 ± 1.35	0.233	-0.91 ± 0.95	0.397	6.59 ± 0.63	0.201	37	27.0%	0.103
Yes (n = 15)	0.11 ± 1.38		-0.84 ± 1.40		-0.35 ± 1.25		-0.18 ± 1.46		-0.64 ± 1.19		6.34 ± 0.57		15	6.7%