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. 2024 Mar 13;15:72. doi: 10.1186/s13287-024-03688-2

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Comparison of the mi-RNA and m-RNA cargo of EVs produced by flask or bioreactor process. RNA-seq was performed on EV produced in flasks from six different MSC isolates (N = 6 biological replicates, F_1 to F_6) and in the bioreactor EVs (96H) of one MSC isolate B done in triplicate (N = 3, technical replicates B_1 to B_3). A The heatmap profile after applying variance stabilizing transformation (VST) to reduce background of the 100 most abundant messenger-RNAs and B micro-RNA in the flask and bioreactor EVs. C Correlation between the RNA-seq data sets was performed using Pearson correlation analysis, where the correlation coefficient (R) value ranges from 1.0 to 0.0, implying complete to no correlation between data sets D Volcano plot of significantly upregulated and down-regulated mi-RNA and m-RNA in flask EVs compared to bioreactor EVs