Table 2.
Patient characteristics between the SAD < 160 mm group and SAD ≥ 160 mm group
| Total | SAD < 160 mm | SAD ≥ 160 mm | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbers | 287 | 153 | 134 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 76.8 (7.1) | 75.4(6.6) | 78.5 (7.2) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 21.6 (3.5) | 20.1 (2.9) | 23.2 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
| < 18.5, n (%) | 59 (20.6) | 49 (30.1) | 10 (7.5) | < 0.001 |
| 18.5 − 25, n (%) | 188 (65.5) | 98 (60.1) | 90 (67.2) | |
| 25 − 30, n (%) | 35 (12.2) | 5 (3.3) | 30 (22.4) | |
| > 30, n (%) | 5 (1.7) | 1 (0.7) | 4 (3.0) | |
| Height (cm), mean (SD) | 150.1 (6.3) | 151.5 (5.6) | 148.6 (6.8) | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 48.5 (8.1) | 46.2 (7.2) | 51.2 (8.2) | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 80.4 (10.0) | 76.1 (8.6) | 85.3 (9.3) | < 0.001 |
| Trunk fat (%), mean (SD) | 30.2 (8.4) | 28.5 (7.5) | 32.1 (9.1) | < 0.001 |
| Anti-osteoporotic drugs | ||||
| Any, n (%) | 269 (93.7) | 145 (94.8) | 124 (92.5) | |
| SERM, n (%) | 73 (25.4) | 44 (28.8) | 29 (21.6) | 0.38 |
| Bisphosphonate, n (%) | 121 (42.2) | 67(43.8) | 54 (40.3) | |
| Denosumab, n (%) | 56 (19.5) | 26(17.0) | 30 (22.4) | |
| Teriparatide, n (%) | 5 (1.7) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (2.2) | |
| Anti-sclerostin Antibody, n (%) | 5 (1.7) | 4 (2.6) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Fractur any, n (%) | 170 (59.2) | 77 (50.3) | 93 (69.4) | |
| Fractur spine, n (%) | 164 (57.1) | 73 (47.7) | 91 (67.9) | 0.19 |
| Fractur hip, n (%) | 9 (3.1) | 6 (3.9) | 3 (2.2) | |
| SAD (mm), mean (SD) | 162.4 (25.5) | 143.7 (13.0) | 183.8 (18.5) | P < 0.001 |
| CCI (points), Median [IQR] | 0 [0 − 2] | 0 [0 − 2] | 0 [0 − 2] | 0.43 |
| Frailty Index (points), mean (SD) | 1.3 (1.1) | 0.9 (0.8) | 1.6 (1.2) | < 0.001 |
| Bone Mineral Density (Spine; g/cm2), Median [IQR] | 0.789 [0.688 − 0.895] | 0.753 [0.673 − 0.840] | 0.834 [0.710 − 0.953] | < 0.001 |
| Bone Mineral Density (Hip neck; g/cm2), mean (SD) | 0.528 (0.093) | 0.519 (0.087) | 0.539 (0.100) | 0.07 |
| Hand grip (kg), mean (SD) | 18.8 (4.6) | 19.5 (4.7) | 18.1 (4.3) | < 0.01 |
| 2 Step, Median [IQR] | 1.25 [1.09 − 1.37] | 1.31 [1.16 − 1.44] | 1.19 [0.95 − 1.30] | < 0.001 |
| 3 m Timed Up and Go test (s), Median [IQR] | 7.2 [6.0 − 9.0] | 6.4 [5.8 − 7.8] | 8.3 [7.0 − 11.1] | < 0.001 |
| Open eye unipedal standing (s), Median [IQR] | 15.0 [4.8 − 15.0] | 15.0 [8.5 − 15.0] | 7.6 [2.4 − 15.0] | < 0.001 |
| Rise 40 cm clear | 37 (12.9) | 14 (9.2) | 23 (17.2) | < 0.01 |
| Rise 30 cm clear | 26 (9.1) | 7 (4.6) | 19 (14.2) | |
| Rise 20 cm clear | 66 (23.0) | 30 (19.6) | 36 (26.9) | |
| Rise 10 cm clear | 140 (48.8) | 99 (64.7) | 41 (30.6) | |
| Starts up, 40 m not possible. | 14 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 14 (10.4) | |
| Startup unchecked | 3 (1.0) | 3 (2.0) | 1 (0.7) | |
| VAS (lumber), Median [IQR] | 2.0 [0.0 − 3.0] | 2.0 [0.0 − 3.0] | 3.0 [1.0 − 4.0] | < 0.001 |
| PT (°), mean (SD) | 21.5 (10.7) | 16.5 (8.7) | 27.1 (10.0) | < 0.001 |
| SVA (mm), Median [IQR] | 19.3 [-16.9 − 42.4] | 29.2 [7.7 − 56.1] | 64.5 [32.9 − 103.3] | < 0.001 |
| SS (°), mean (SD) | 29.4 (10.0) | 31.6 (8.7) | 26.8 (10.7) | < 0.001 |
| Has an exercise habit(%) | 155 (54.0) | 66 (55.9) | 89 (52.7) | < 0.001 |
| Has had a fall in the past year(%) | 61(21.3) | 29 (19.0) | 32 (23.9) | 0.27 |
| Fall risk (points), mean (SD) | 4.7 (3.4) | 3.7 (3.1) | 5.9 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
Equivariance is expressed as mean (standard deviation), and a lack of equivariance is expressed as median (interquartile ranges). SD: standard deviation, n: number, IQR: interquartile range, BMI: body mass index, SERM: selective estrogen receptor modulator, CCI: Charlson Comorbidity index, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c, PT: pelvic tilt, SVA: sagittal vertical axis, SAD: sacral vertebra–abdominal wall distance.