Table 8.

Mean of three measurements ± standard deviation of muscular stiffness

		The muscular stiffness [−]
		No device		Device with Slide-45		Device with Reclining		Device with Reclining-slide
Subject	Position	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Subject 1	L1	38.8 ± 0.97	41.4 ± 0.74	41.4 ± 0.87	42.1 ± 0.83	35.5 ± 1.00	37.5 ± 1.28	41.0 ± 0.38	41.4 ± 0.34
	L2	28.7 ± 0.33	31.1 ± 1.84	30.3 ± 1.88	31.9 ± 0.26	25.3 ± 0.45	26.4 ± 0.75	29.7 ± 1.56	30.6 ± 0.79
	L3	33.0 ± 0.82	36.5 ± 0.79	30.0 ± 0.87	31.5 ± 0.68	25.1 ± 0.54	27.6 ± 0.79	27.0 ± 0.67	28.1 ± 1.05
	R1	33.9 ± 1.59	37.2 ± 0.24	40.7 ± 0.79	43.9 ± 0.39	29.8 ± 1.56	31.7 ± 0.65	38.8 ± 0.92	39.0 ± 0.88
	R2	30.5 ± 0.54	34.5 ± 0.74	29.0 ± 0.08	31.9 ± 1.51	29.3 ± 1.21	30.3 ± 1.24	27.7 ± 1.19	28.4 ± 0.36
	R3	33.8 ± 0.24	36.7 ± 0.70	33.0 ± 0.57	35.3 ± 1.23	32.0 ± 2.07	33.0 ± 0.93	25.9 ± 0.26	27.1 ± 1.18
Subject 2	L1	32.7 ± 1.11	39.2 ± 1.11	34.8 ± 0.43	37.3 ± 0.24	36.5 ± 0.57	40.4 ± 0.98	33.4 ± 0.63	34.2 ± 1.28
	L2	37.4 ± 0.46	39.7 ± 0.52	36.6 ± 0.79	37.5 ± 0.34	36.2 ± 0.96	36.6 ± 0.88	32.8 ± 0.40	33.9 ± 0.73
	L3	29.3 ± 1.82	36.7 ± 0.66	31.2 ± 0.85	33.3 ± 0.96	29.7 ± 0.73	30.9 ± 0.05	33.9 ± 0.42	34.8 ± 0.79
	R1	29.8 ± 0.70	32.9 ± 1.39	40.4 ± 1.13	41.1 ± 0.57	31.3 ± 1.17	33.2 ± 0.85	41.2 ± 1.63	43.4 ± 0.59
	R2	30.3 ± 0.50	33.6 ± 1.14	32.4 ± 0.49	35.8 ± 1.35	31.4 ± 1.55	34.3 ± 1.13	32.3 ± 0.36	34.1 ± 1.98
	R3	21.5 ± 0.57	25.5 ± 0.88	23.2 ± 1.01	25.8 ± 0.29	23.4 ± 0.90	26.5 ± 1.41	21.7 ± 0.34	23.3 ± 0.41
Subject 3	L1	39.6 ± 1.22	49.5 ± 1.04	40.2 ± 1.24	42.1 ± 2.05	37.1 ± 0.05	38.9 ± 0.99	37.9 ± 0.74	39.9 ± 1.59
	L2	34.3 ± 0.62	36.5 ± 0.62	32.0 ± 1.23	32.8 ± 0.50	29.5 ± 1.09	30.7 ± 0.91	30.8 ± 1.53	31.1 ± 0.05
	L3	34.4 ± 0.37	37.2 ± 0.83	26.0 ± 2.21	27.4 ± 2.65	34.3 ± 0.17	35.2 ± 0.34	32.3 ± 2.20	34.6 ± 1.11
	R1	37.5 ± 0.29	41.4 ± 1.39	35.3 ± 1.82	37.6 ± 1.10	36.9 ± 0.67	37.8 ± 0.45	37.5 ± 0.51	37.8 ± 0.87
	R2	32.8 ± 1.28	34.3 ± 0.43	28.3 ± 0.93	29.4 ± 1.55	25.7 ± 0.51	26.1 ± 0.12	26.7 ± 0.57	27.5 ± 1.52
	R3	31.4 ± 1.15	32.5 ± 0.48	30.4 ± 1.64	31.4 ± 0.99	29.9 ± 0.87	30.9 ± 0.86	30.1 ± 0.68	30.1 ± 1.16
Subject 4	L1	35.2 ± 1.33	37.5 ± 0.29	28.9 ± 1.23	29.8 ± 0.69	30.8 ± 1.00	32.8 ± 0.99	29.2 ± 0.87	30.6 ± 1.48
	L2	28.2 ± 0.34	33.8 ± 2.41	30.8 ± 1.17	33.5 ± 0.80	31.2 ± 0.92	33.2 ± 1.28	30.0 ± 1.16	30.9 ± 0.81
	L3	15.2 ± 1.03	21.0 ± 0.41	21.1 ± 0.91	21.7 ± 1.78	22.3 ± 0.36	23.4 ± 1.54	21.0 ± 0.90	21.6 ± 0.48
	R1	35.7 ± 0.50	38.8 ± 0.82	36.5 ± 0.97	37.4 ± 0.37	35.5 ± 1.10	35.6 ± 0.78	36.9 ± 0.86	37.2 ± 1.01
	R2	29.3 ± 0.97	33.1 ± 0.62	27.6 ± 0.29	29.2 ± 0.54	32.3 ± 0.45	33.3 ± 0.60	28.3 ± 1.19	30.0 ± 0.50
	R3	23.6 ± 0.95	30.5 ± 0.73	31.6 ± 0.82	32.2 ± 1.31	29.8 ± 0.29	32.0 ± 0.82	32.1 ± 0.76	34.2 ± 0.86
Subject 5	L1	30.9 ± 0.54	35.6 ± 0.05	29.4 ± 0.68	32.1 ± 0.58	31.2 ± 0.78	32.5 ± 0.42	30.0 ± 0.22	31.5 ± 0.45
	L2	27.6 ± 0.84	33.3 ± 1.51	26.4 ± 0.54	30.1 ± 0.41	25.6 ± 0.53	27.4 ± 0.45	25.4 ± 0.97	26.6 ± 0.56
	L3	24.8 ± 1.24	27.6 ± 1.88	23.6 ± 1.39	25.3 ± 1.03	25.2 ± 0.50	26.7 ± 0.62	26.3 ± 0.41	27.4 ± 0.41
	R1	34.5 ± 1.69	36.3 ± 1.16	33.1 ± 2.12	34.2 ± 0.34	35.3 ± 0.98	35.9 ± 0.66	33.1 ± 1.29	33.8 ± 0.33
	R2	27.2 ± 1.31	29.3 ± 0.59	26.9 ± 1.27	27.9 ± 0.50	28.9 ± 0.34	29.9 ± 0.63	28.7 ± 0.79	29.3 ± 0.22
	R3	24.4 ± 2.00	31.5 ± 0.54	24.7 ± 1.06	27.0 ± 0.41	28.9 ± 0.59	31.0 ± 0.36	24.3 ± 1.52	25.6 ± 0.56