Table 1.
Ethogram for behavioural observations of the calf while the dam is removed for milking. Behaviours in the category ‘hide use’ were scored only for the calves in the hide treatment
| Category | Position | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Hide use 1 | In hide | Fully inside hide: 50% or more of calf’s body is inside the hide Partially inside hide: Part of, but less than 50%, the calf’s body is inside the hide |
| Near hide | The calf is within one calf length of any side of the hide (including the open side); the calf must become stationary during the bout for a bout to be included | |
| Sleep-like behaviour 2 | Resting with head lifted and still, or resting with neck relaxed (head resting on ground or tucked against body; disregarding ear and eye movement) | |
| Lying 3 | Lying on sternum or side, head may be rested or raised (when calf is transitioning from lying to standing, the calf is considered lying until supported by all four legs) |