Figure 11.

Schematic diagram of CKLF-mediated defective mitophagy and microglial activation (by Figdraw). CKLF decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and induced mitochondrial dysfunction, followed by initiation of PINK1-PRKN mitophagy and subsequent mitophagosome formation. However, an impaired lysosomal function disrupted mitophagosome-lysosome fusion and degradation, leading to mitophagosome accumulation. The defective mitophagy caused by CKLF resulted in microglial overactivation, which further triggered neuroinflammation.