Table 1.
Study demographics for meta-analysis
| Author | Percent of surveys returned | % men | Mean age in years | Training status (number) | Subspecialties |
| Acharya et al. [3] | 60% (180) | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Spine |
| Alaseem et al. [5] | 22% (67) | 87% (58) | Unknown | Unknown | Oncology |
| Al-Mohrej et al. [6] | 80% (179) | 97% (173) | 32 | Attending (43) Fellow (26) Resident (110) |
Alla |
| Alqahtani et al. [7] | 17% (578) | 85% (490) | Unknown | Unknown | Hand |
| Alqahtani et al. [8] | 15% (86) | 85% (73) | Unknown | Unknown | Trauma |
| Alqahtani et al. [9] | 75% (183) | 98% (179) | Unknown | Unknown | Arthroplasty |
| Alsiddiky et al. [10] | 83% (39) | 97% (38) | 45 | Unknown | Pediatric |
| Alzahrani et al. [11] | 13% (142) | 91% (129) | Unknown | Unknown | Shoulder and elbow |
| Alzahrani et al. [12] | 31% (402) | 76% (306) | Unknown | Unknown | Pediatric |
| Auerbach et al. [13] | 62% (561) | Unknown | 54 | Unknown | Spine |
| Bernstein et al. [15] | 28% (220) | 92% (202) | 47 | Attending (207) Resident (13) |
General, trauma, shoulder and elbow, hand and wrist, other |
| Cacciatori et al. [17] | 100% (54) | 78% (42) | Unknown | Residents (46) Rest Unknown |
NR |
| Cohen-Rosenblum et al. [23] | NR (63) | 0% (0) | Unknown | Unknown | Arthroplasty |
| Davis et al. [24] | 28% (140) | Unknown | 50b | Unknown | Alla |
| Fram et al. [27] | NR (204) | 41% (84) | Unknown | Resident (43) Fellow (10) Attending (151) |
Arthroplasty, foot and ankle, shoulder and elbow, hand, oncology, pediatrics, spine, sports |
| Knudsen et al. [42] | 82% (32) | 75% (24) | 29.5 | Resident (32) | NR |
| Lucasti et al. [49] | 56% (53) | 93% (49) | Unknown | Resident/fellow (15) Attending (38) |
NR |
| McQuivey et al. [53] | NR (76) | 72% (55) | 30 | Resident (76) | N/A |
| McQuivey et al. [52] | 21% (521) | 96% (502) | 51 | Unknown | Arthroplasty |
| Mirbod et al. [54] | 86% (54) | 100% (54) | 43.3 | Unknown | NR |
| Swank et al. [67] | 16% (235) | 32% (76) | 47 | Unknown | Alla |
| Tan et al. [68] | 70% (56) | 91% (51) | 33b | Attending (20) Resident (34) Unknown (2) |
Alla |
| Vajapey et al. [72] | 25% (66) | Unknown | 59 | Unknown | NR |
| Wyatt et al. [76] | NR (685) | 91% (625) | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
a
All orthopedic surgery specialties (general, upper extremity, lower extremity, pediatrics, spine, sports medicine, trauma, and oncology).
b
Median age. NR = not reported; N/A = not applicable.