Table 1.
Comparison of Clinical Information Between Training Set and Validation Set((n(%)) or Cases/%)
| Variables | Training Set (n=243) | Validation Set(n=104) | Z/χ2 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 80.000(74.00, 86.00) | 78.000(74.00, 84.00) | −1.304 | 0.192 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.835(18.80, 21.10) | 19.678(19.00, 21.60) | −0.505 | 0.613 |
| WBC (10^9/L) | 5.450(4.00, 7.20) | 5.850(4.30, 7.70) | −1.157 | 0.247 |
| Neutrophil granulocyte (10^9/L) | 3.760(2.80, 5.30) | 3.960(3.00, 5.70) | −0.932 | 0.352 |
| Lymphocyte (10^9/L) | 1.020(0.70, 1.40) | 1.075(0.70, 1.50) | −0.822 | 0.411 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 4.390(1.20, 24.10) | 8.780(1.90, 24.70) | −1.642 | 0.101 |
| D-dimer (ug/L) | 0.560(0.30, 1.30) | 0.645(0.30, 1.30) | −0.624 | 0.533 |
| Hb (g/L) | 116.000(102.00, 124.00) | 116.000(104.50, 123.80) | −0.314 | 0.753 |
| Scr (umol/L) | 77.900(62.30, 97.80) | 70.650(56.40, 91.70) | −1.701 | 0.089 |
| ALB (g/L) | 34.900(32.90, 36.10) | 34.950(33.50, 36.00) | −0.037 | 0.970 |
| AST (%) | ||||
| ≤35 | 158(65.02) | 69(66.35) | 1.755 | 0.625 |
| 35<AST≤105 | 77(31.69) | 31(29.81) | ||
| 105<AST≤175 | 3(1.23) | 3(2.88) | ||
| >175 | 5(2.06) | 1(0.96) | ||
| ALT (%) | ||||
| ≤40 | 167(68.72) | 76(73.08) | 2.255 | 0.521 |
| 40<AST≤120 | 68(27.98) | 27(25.96) | ||
| 120<AST≤200 | 4(1.65) | 1(0.96) | ||
| >200 | 4(1.65) | 0(0.00) | ||
| Gender (%) | ||||
| Male | 133(54.73) | 54(51.92) | 0.231 | 0.631 |
| Female | 110(45.27) | 50(48.08) | ||
| GNRI (%) | ||||
| <82 | 26(10.70) | 7(6.73) | 1.607 | 0.448 |
| 82≤GNRI<92 | 148(60.91) | 69(66.35) | ||
| 92≤GNRI<98 | 69(28.40) | 28(26.92) | ||
| Mid-arm circumference (%) | ||||
| <21 | 21(8.64) | 8(7.69) | 1.107 | 0.575 |
| 21≤Mid-arm circumference<22 | 92(37.86) | 34(32.69) | ||
| ≥22 | 130(53.50) | 62(59.62) | ||
| Gastrocnemius circumference (%) | ||||
| <31 | 72(29.63) | 24(23.08) | 1.563 | 0.211 |
| ≥31 | 171(70.37) | 80(76.92) | ||
| Cerebral infarction (%) | ||||
| No | 143(58.85) | 68(65.38) | 1.306 | 0.253 |
| Yes | 100(41.15) | 36(34.62) | ||
| Renal failure (%) | ||||
| No | 218(89.71) | 94(90.38) | 0.036 | 0.849 |
| Yes | 25(10.29) | 10(9.62) | ||
| Tumour (%) | ||||
| No | 215(88.48) | 95(91.35) | 0.629 | 0.428 |
| Yes | 28(11.52) | 9(8.65) | ||
| Pneumonia (%) | ||||
| No | 195(80.25) | 76(73.08) | 2.189 | 0.139 |
| Yes | 48(19.75) | 28(26.92) | ||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | ||||
| No | 181(74.49) | 79(75.96) | 0.084 | 0.771 |
| Yes | 62(25.51) | 25(24.04) | ||
| Type 2 diabetes (%) | ||||
| No | 167(68.72) | 70(67.31) | 0.068 | 0.795 |
| Yes | 76(31.28) | 34(32.69) | ||
| Coronary disease (%) | ||||
| No | 166(68.31) | 77(74.04) | 1.138 | 0.286 |
| Yes | 77(31.69) | 27(25.96) | ||
| Hypertension (%) | ||||
| No | 105(43.21) | 39(37.50) | 0.978 | 0.323 |
| Yes | 138(56.79) | 65(62.50) | ||
| Skin ulcer (%) | ||||
| Yes | 78(32.10) | 26(25.00) | 1.749 | 0.186 |
| No | 165(67.90) | 78(75.00) | ||
| Protein intake (%) | ||||
| Less | 49(20.16) | 17(16.35) | 1.157 | 0.763 |
| Commonly | 92(37.90) | 42(40.38) | ||
| More | 102(41.94) | 45(43.27) | ||
| History of drinking (%) | ||||
| No | 127(52.26) | 56(53.85) | 0.073 | 0.787 |
| Yes | 116(47.74) | 48(46.15) | ||
| Intake of vegetables and fruits (%) | ||||
| Less than twice a day | 121(49.79) | 51(49.04) | 0.017 | 0.897 |
| Twice or more a day | 122(50.21) | 53(50.96) | ||
| Diet status in recent 3 months (%) | ||||
| Severe loss of appetite | 17(7.00) | 7(6.73) | 6.204 | 0.102 |
| Moderate loss of appetite | 77(31.69) | 21(20.19) | ||
| Mild loss of appetite | 73(30.04) | 43(41.35) | ||
| No | 76(31.28) | 33(31.73) | ||
| Activity situation (%) | ||||
| Bed-ridden or long-term seated person | 63(25.93) | 22(21.15) | 1.231 | 0.540 |
| Can leave the bed or table and chair, but can not go out | 103(42.39) | 50(48.08) | ||
| Can go out on your own | 77(31.69) | 32(30.77) | ||
| Nervous and psychological problems (%) | ||||
| Severe dementia or depression | 26(10.70) | 10(9.62) | 0.220 | 0.896 |
| Mild dementia | 62(25.51) | 25(24.04) | ||
| No psychological problems | 155(63.79) | 69(66.35) | ||
| History of smoking (%) | ||||
| No | 152(62.55) | 64(61.54) | 0.032 | 0.858 |
| Yes | 91(37.45) | 40(38.46) | ||
| Vaccination (%) | ||||
| No | 68(27.98) | 19(18.27) | 6.056 | 0.109 |
| Potion | 124(51.03) | 58(55.77) | ||
| Two doses | 36(14.81) | 23(22.12) | ||
| Three doses | 15(6.17) | 4(3.85) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cell count; CRP, c-reactive protein; Hb, hemoglobin; Scr, serum creatinine; ALB, albumin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index.