Fig. 1.

Schematic diagram of the methodology, timeline and evaluation techniques for this experimental study. Postoperative zoledronic acid therapy was only used in the systemic ZA administration (CaS/HA + ZA-s, CaS/HA + BMP + ZA-s) groups, and Alizarin Red and Calcein staining was only administrated in animals requiring fluorescent labeling in vivo. The histology indicates special histological staining. The green, blue, and purple arrows in analysis section indicate experimental analyses performed at 3 weeks only, 6 weeks only, and at 3 & 6 weeks, respectively. This figure was made on BioRender.com.