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(A) Representative X-ray images before and after explanation at 3 and 6 weeks and X-ray spinal fusion score according to Curylo et al. score classification [29] at (B) 3 weeks and (C) 6 weeks. The blue and the red rectangle area within the images indicate the lumbar surgical site and the implanted scaffold region, respectively. “Before” and “After” represent the X-ray detection before and after transplantation, respectively. Data are presented as means ± SD. *p < 0.05.
