Table 3.

Percentage of change in the knowledge about COVID-19 disease and its preventive measures from baseline to post-3 months (Spain, May 2022 until July 2023).

Items and values	Total (n = 118)	Household contacts with higher risk of severe COVID-19 (n = 66)	Household contacts without risk of severe COVID-19 (n = 52)	Household contacts with previous infection (n = 50)	Household contacts without previous infection (n = 68)
All people who become ill with COVID-19 develop severe cases
At baseline, %	80.5	74.2	88.5	80.0	80.9
Post-3 months follow up, %	75.4	71.2	80.8	76.0	75.0
% change	−5.1	−3.0	−7.7	−4.0	−5.9
p-value	0.346	0.696	0.278	0.629	0.408
Asymptomatic persons diagnosed with COVID-19 can transmit the infection
At baseline, %	85.6	83.3	88.5	84.0	86.8
Post-3 months follow up, %	81.4	80.3	82.7	86.0	77.9
% change	−4.2	−3.0	−5.8	2.0	−8.9
p-value	0.381	0.652	0.402	0.779	0.177
Persons diagnosed with COVID-19 can transmit infection despite vaccination
At baseline, %	89.0	86.4	92.3	88.0	89.7
Post-3 months follow up, %	91.5	87.9	96.2	90.0	92.6
% change	2.5	1.5	3.9	2.0	2.9
p-value	0.510	0.795	0.400	0.749	0.545
The COVID-19 virus is spread by respiratory droplets from infected individuals when coughing/sneezing/talking/laughing/singing
At baseline, %	92.4	90.9	94.2	94.0	91.2
Post-3 months follow up, %	89.8	87.9	92.3	92.0	88.2
% change	−2.6	−3.0	−1.9	−2.0	−3.0
p-value	0.493	0.572	0.696	0.695	0.573
Handwashing is important to reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19
At baseline, %	95.8	97.0	94.2	98.0	94.1
Post-3 months follow up, %	94.1	95.5	92.3	98.0	91.2
% change	−1.7	−1.5	−1.9	0.0	−2.9
p-value	0.553	0.648	0.696	1.000	0.511
To prevent transmission of COVID-19 measures such as wearing face masks and avoiding crowds in enclosed spaces should be maintained
At baseline, %	93.2	97.0	88.5	94.0	92.6
Post-3 months follow up, %	90.7	95.5	84.6	90.0	91.2
% change	−2.5	−1.5	−3.9	−4.0	−1.4
p-value	0.473	0.648	0.566	0.461	0.753