TABLE 1.

Animal models of gouty nephropathy.

Animals species	Name	Species	Modeling method	Disease cycle	References
Poultry	White Henleys	Birds, Pheasant	High protein diet, 19.11%, p.o	70 days	(61)
	Proto chickens	Birds, Pheasant	Cisplatin, 3.5 mg/mg, i.p	48 h	(62)
	Broiler	Birds, Pheasant	Inosine food, 6.7 mol/kg, p.o	21 days	(63)
	Difacia strain quail	Birds, Pheasant	Yeast extract powder, p.o	60 days	(64)
	Longcheng quail	Birds, Pheasant	Lard stearin + cholesterol, 14 + 1%, p.o	14 days	(65)
	French quail	Birds, Pheasant	Yeast extract + fructose, 10%, p.o	30 days	(66)
	Red-tailed hawk	Ornithischia, Falconiformes, subfamily Buzzard	High purine food, p.o	72 h	(67)
Mammals	Mice	Mammalia, Rodentia Muridae	Oxybate + yeast, 300 mg/kg, i.p	8 days	(68)
	Rats	Mammalia, Rodentia Muridae	Adenine, 300 mg/kg, p.o	21 days	(69)
	Mice	Mammalia, Rodentia Muridae	Adenine +potassium oxybate, 100 + 500 mg/kg	21 days	(70)
	Mice	Mammalia, Rodentia Muridae	Fructose + fat + cholesterol, 0.15 + 43% + 15, p.o	16 weeks	(71)
	Mice	Mammalia, Rodentia Muridae	Adenine, 0.15%, p.o	24 weeks	(72)
	Mice	Mammalia, Rodentia Muridae	Rodentia Knockout uric acid oxidase gene	–	(73)
	Rats	Mammalia, Rodentia Muridae	Uric acid, 250 mg/kg, i.p	28 days	(74)
	Albino rabbits	Mammalia, Rutaceae Fructose	Fructose, 1 g/kg, p.o	42 days	(75)
	Swedish long white pig	Mammalia, Diptera, Suidae	Uric acid + inosine + fructose, 40 mg/ml, i.p + 20 + 0.9%, p.o	14 days	(76)
	Dalmatian	Mammalia, Carnivora Canidae	SLC2A9 gene sequence mutation	–	(77)
Other classes	Tree shrews Zebrafish	Mammalia, Primate family Tree Shrew Scleractinian, Cyprinidae	Oxonate suspension, 80 mg/kg, i.p Potassium oxybate, 125 μg/ml	12, 24 h	(79, 81)