Table 5.
Risk Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals From Quasi-Poisson Models for Receipt of any Specialty Pain Care by Race and Ethnicity Separately
| Predictors | Pre-COVID | COVID-era | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted model 1 | Model 2: rurality included | Model 3: rurality, age, gender included | Unadjusted model 1 | Model 2: rurality included | Model 3: rurality, age, gender included | |
| Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | |
| Race | ||||||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Black | 0.95 (0.94, 0.97) | 0.91 (0.89, 0.92) | 0.81 (0.80, 0.83) | 0.92 (0.90, 0.93) | 0.88 (0.86, 0.90) | 0.79 (0.77, 0.80) |
| Asian | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) | 0.91 (0.86, 0.97) | 0.93 (0.87, 0.99) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.01) | 0.88 (0.82, 0.94) |
| NHOPI* | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.07) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.01) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) |
| AI/AN† | 1.06 (0.96, 1.10) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.11) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.05) | 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) |
| 2 + races | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.10) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.07) | 0.95 (0.88, 1.01) |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic/Latinx | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 1.11 (1.08, 1.13) | 1.06 (1.04, 1.09) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.01) | 0.97 (0.95, 1.00) |
*NHOPI Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
†AI/AN American Indian or Alaska Native