Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics in Total Cohort and Individual Trials
| Individual Trials of nmAb vs Placebo | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Total | Bamlanivimab | Sotrovimab | Amubarvimab/Romlusevimab | Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab |
| Participants, total (treatment) | 2149 (1178) | 306 (159) | 254 (172) | 250 (167) | 1339 (680) |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 57 (46–68) | 61 (49–71) | 60 (50–72) | 60 (49–71) | 54 (44–66) |
| Female sex, No. (%) | 903 (42.0) | 132 (43.1) | 104 (40.9) | 107 (42.8) | 560 (41.8) |
| Geographical region, No. (%) | |||||
| Africa | 86 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 86 (6.4) |
| Asia | 24 (1.1) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 23 (1.7) |
| Europe | 325 (15.1) | 37 (12.1) | 16 (6.3) | 12 (4.8) | 260 (19.4) |
| North America | 1714 (79.8) | 268 (87.6) | 238 (93.7) | 238 (95.2) | 970 (72.4) |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | |||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 1033 (48.1) | 165 (53.9) | 147 (57.9) | 148 (59.2) | 573 (42.8) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 211 (9.8) | 32 (10.5) | 37 (14.6) | 19 (7.6) | 123 (9.2) |
| Chronic lung disease | 326 (15.2) | 44 (14.4) | 40 (15.7) | 44 (17.6) | 198 (14.8) |
| Diabetes | 618 (28.8) | 89 (29.1) | 98 (38.6) | 87 (34.8) | 344 (25.7) |
| Hepatic impairment | 36 (1.7) | 1 (0.3) | 5 (2.0) | 6 (2.4) | 24 (1.8) |
| HIV | 36 (1.7) | 2 (0.7) | 5 (2.0) | 2 (0.8) | 27 (2.0) |
| Immunocompromised | 328 (15.3) | 29 (9.5) | 33 (130) | 36 (14.4) | 230 (17.2) |
| Obesity | 1151 (53.7) | 161 (52.8) | 141 (55.5) | 129 (51.6) | 720 (54.0) |
| Any of the above | 1792 (83.4) | 256 (83.7) | 228 (89.8) | 223 (89.2) | 1085 (81.0) |
| COVID-19 treatments, No. (%) | |||||
| Corticosteroidsa | 1465 (68.2) | 155 (50.7) | 165 (65.0) | 156 (62.4) | 989 (73.9) |
| Heparin, therapeutic dose | 85 (4.0) | 6 (2.0) | 6 (2.4) | 4 (1.6) | 69 (5.2) |
| Remdesivir | 1995 (92.6) | 294 (96.1) | 231 (90.9) | 224 (89.2) | 1246 (92.7) |
| COVID-19 vaccination status, No. (%) | |||||
| Fully vaccinatedb | 190 (8.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 189 (14.1) |
| Partially vaccinated | 195 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (6.7) | 15 (6.0) | 163 (12.2) |
| Not vaccinated | 1764 (82.1) | 306 (100) | 236 (92.9) | 235 (94.0) | 987 (73.7) |
| Symptom duration, d, median (IQR) | 8 (6–10) | 7 (5–9) | 8 (5–9) | 8 (5–9) | 8 (6–10) |
| Pulmonary ordinal scale, No. (%) | |||||
| No supplementary oxygen | 553 (25.7) | 87 (28.4) | 84 (33.1) | 80 (32.0) | 302 (22.6) |
| < 4 L oxygen per min | 816 (38.0) | 111 (36.3) | 114 (44.9) | 102 (40.8) | 489 (36.5) |
| ≥ 4 L oxygen per min | 582 (27.1) | 62 (20.3) | 56 (22.0) | 68 (27.2) | 396 (29.6) |
| HFNO or NIV | 198 (9.2) | 46 (15.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 152 (11.4) |
| Viral variant, No. (%) | |||||
| Delta | 658 (30.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 658 (49.8) |
| Not Delta | 1474 (69.1) | 306 (100) | 254 (100) | 250 (100) | 664 (50.2) |
| Nucleocapsid antigen result, No. (%) | |||||
| Positive | 2033 (94.6) | 291 (95.1) | 241 (94.9) | 239 (95.6) | 1262 (94.3) |
| Positive, result ≥1000 ng/L | 899 (41.9) | 154 (50.3) | 103 (40.6) | 108 (43.2) | 534 (39.9) |
| Antibody status, No. (%) | |||||
| Anti-nucleocapsid positive | 1330 (61.9) | 181 (59.2) | 148 (58.3) | 158 (63.2) | 843 (63.0) |
| Anti-spike positive | 1065 (49.6) | 153 (50.0) | 101 (39.8) | 106 (42.4) | 705 (52.7) |
| Biomarker results, median (IQR) | |||||
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 31 (14–56) | 32 (15–59) | 26 (13–49) | 32 (14–54) | 31 (14–56) |
| Interleukin-6, ng/L | 6 (2–14) | 7 (2–12) | 6 (2–12) | 6 (3–13) | 6 (2–15) |
| D-dimer, mg/L | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HFNO, high-flow nasal oxygen; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; nmAb, neutralizing monoclonal antibody.
aTreatment was 10 mg or more of prednisolone or equivalent.
bFull primary vaccination course completed; symptoms started at least 14 days after the last dose.