Table 3.

Estimated Percentage of Salmonella Illnesses Attributable to Animal-Food Sources, Travel, Wildlife, Unknown Sources, and Outbreaks in Denmark, Sweden, the European Union^* (EU), the United States (USA), New Zealand, and Japan Using a Microbial Subtyping Approach

	Denmarka	Swedenb	EUc	EU Easternc,*	EU Northernc,*	EU Westernc,*	EU Southernc,*	USAd,†	New Zealande	Japanf,‡
Pigs	15.1	0.08	26.9	22.7	10.6	34.1	43.6	< 1	60	5.3
Cattle	0.7	0.1	—	—	—	—	—	29*,a	11.5	0.5
Layers	1.8	0.16	43.8	59.4	30	41.8	28.4	6*,b	3.2	63.3
Broilers	0.5	0.09	3.4	7.0	1.2	2.1	3.1	48	21.2	6.4
Ducks	0.1	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Turkeys	—#	—	4.0	2.2	7.4	4.1	7.6	17	—	—
Lamb/mutton	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.4	—
Imported food	—	6.4	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Pork	5.4	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Beef	2.0	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Poultry	2.5	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Wildlife	—	0.6	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Travel	46.9	82	9.2	0.8	34.5	4.8	0.7	—	—*,c	—
Unknown, outbreak-associated	5.1	2.9	3.6	5.4	4.0	2.2	4.2	—	—	—
Unknown, sporadic	19.8	7.7	9.0	2.5	12.4	10.9	12.5	—	—	20.8

^*EU regions as defined by the United Nations. Eastern Europe: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. Northern Europe: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Southern Europe: Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain. Western Europe: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.

^aData from 2010, Anon., 2011;

^bData from 2004–2006, Whalström et al., 2011;

^cData from 2007–2009, Pires et al., 2011a;

^dGuo et al., 2011;

^eMullner et al., 2009;

^fToyofuku et al., 2011.

^†Estimates are restricted to those infections estimated to be domestically acquired and sporadic.

^‡Median of estimates over 10 years (1998–2017).

^*,aSum of estimates for “ground beef” and “intact beef”.

^*,bEstimate for “egg products” other than intact shell eggs.

^#Source not included in model.

^*,cEstimates are restricted to those infections estimated to be domestically acquired.