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. 2022 Apr 1;8(13):eabm2592. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abm2592

Fig. 4. Numerical and experimental results for manipulating particles in a droplet array using an AFBH array.

Fig. 4.

(A) Left: A schematic for illustrating the mechanism of an AFBH array–based device. Right: A photo of a fabricated AFBH array–based device with a bonded circular piezoelectric transducer for generating omnidirectional flexural waves. (B) Left: A simulated flexural wave field (out-of-plane displacement amplitude |uz|) in a circular PMMA substrate at a frequency of 157 kHz. It can be seen that the mode shapes in all the AFBHs are nearly the same, and there are two antinodes at in each AFBH. Right: The corresponding acoustic streaming field in the fluid domain showing that streaming-induced drag forces (red arrows) converge at the two antinodes. (C) Acquired fluorescence microscopy images showing that 8-μm fluorescent polystyrene particles can be redistributed to form two particle clusters in each AFBH. Scale bars, 500 μm. The particle distributions in six AFBHs are nearly the same, indicating that the six AFBHs have similar particle manipulation performance. For this experiment, the excitation voltage, frequency, droplet volume, initial particle concentration, and duration of acoustic waves are 10 Vpp, 157 kHz, 20 μl, 7.38 × 105 ml−1, and 3 min, respectively.