Fig. 5. 3D culturing of hMSCs.

(A) One-day culturing with Ado gels in the dark. (B) Three-day culturing with Ado gels in the dark. (C) One-day culturing with photoweakened Ado gels. (D) One-day culturing with photostrengthened Me gels. Cell viability was assessed by the standard live (green)/dead (red) staining assay. Three independent cell encapsulation experiments were performed, each time done in triplicate (with three identical gels prepared for each corresponding encapsulation condition). Cell viability under each condition was calculated as a ratio of the live-cell population to the entire cell population based on the three parallel experiments and presented as means ± SD (n = 3).