Table 2.
Competing risk analysis of incident ADL disability, with mortality as the competing event (n = 3768, deaths = 633, disability = 795)
| N (events/groups) | Cause-specific hazard model (HR,95%CI) | Sub-distribution hazard model (SHR, 95%CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted for age and sex | Full-adjusted b | Adjusted for age and sex | Full-adjusted b | ||
| Handgrip strength (kg) a | |||||
| Unable | 15/36 | 1.457(0.849,2.500) | 1.067(0.617,1.847) | 1.251(0.759,2.062) | 1.015(0.622,1.658) |
| Q5 | 199/621 | 1.322(1.043,1.674) | 1.087(0.847,1.396) | 1.161(0.927,1.454) | 0.991(0.787,1.247) |
| Q4 | 152/559 | 1.212(0.950,1.546) | 1.123(0.874,1.444) | 1.169(0.930,1.469) | 1.091(0.864,1.378) |
| Q3 | 149/622 | 1.097(0.861,1.399) | 0.991(0.773,1.270) | 1.124(0.896,1.410) | 1.041(0.830,1.306) |
| Q2 | 161/699 | 1.120(0.883,1.420) | 1.057(0.831,1.343) | 1.120(0.896,1.399) | 1.078(0.865,1.344) |
| Q1 | 119/598 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Gait speed (m/s) a | |||||
| Unable | 54/134 | 2.032(1.462,2.824) | 1.969(1.412,2.745) | 1.889(1.400,2.549) | 1.787(1.319,2.420) |
| Q5 | 187/571 | 1.616(1.272,2.052) | 1.395(1.095,1.778) | 1.486(1.183,1.864) | 1.318(1.048,1.657) |
| Q4 | 151/568 | 1.311(1.024,1.677) | 1.113(0.867,1.428) | 1.304(1.036,1.640) | 1.162(0.922,1.464) |
| Q3 | 172/655 | 1.359(1.070,1.726) | 1.225(0.964,1.558) | 1.407(1.124,1.761) | 1.297(1.038,1.621) |
| Q2 | 119/588 | 0.982(0.759,1.272) | 0.887(0.684,1.151) | 0.989(0.776,1.260) | 0.920(0.722,1.172) |
| Q1 | 112/619 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Five-times chair stand test (s) a | |||||
| Unable | 70/152 | 1.965(1.444,2.674) | 1.746(1.278,2.386) | 1.638(1.232,2.178) | 1.428(1.071,1.904) |
| Q5 | 181/525 | 1.581(1.242,2.013) | 1.333(1.041,1.707) | 1.434(1.141,1.804) | 1.222(0.966,1.545) |
| Q4 | 149/571 | 1.414(1.104,1.811) | 1.220(0.949,1.569) | 1.307(1.037,1.648) | 1.166(0.923,1.472) |
| Q3 | 141/612 | 1.246(0.972,1.599) | 1.119(0.870,1.439) | 1.228(0.972,1.522) | 1.131(0.894,1.430) |
| Q2 | 143/625 | 1.316(1.027,1.687) | 1.228(0.957,1.576) | 1.291(1.023,1.630) | 1.228(0.975,1.548) |
| Q1 | 111/650 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Note: a. Physical measures grouped into six categories: Unable; Q5(Quintile5, lowest performance); Q4; Q3; Q2; Q1(Quintile1, highest performance)
b. Full adjusted for age and sex plus height and BMI, sociodemographic factors (education and residence), lifestyles (physical activity levels, smoking behavior, and alcohol consumption), and medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, depression status, and cognitive status). Ref, reference. ADL, activities of daily living. HR, hazard ratio. CI, confidence intervals. N, numbers