Table 1.

The change of hospitalization expenses among treatment and control groups (China, 2016–2021)

Expense categories(yuan)	Treatment group		Control group		DIFF	SDIFF	P-value
	pre-implementation	post-implementation	pre-implementation	post-implementation
panel A: type 2 diabetes
Total cost	6774.70	7053.85	7500.69	5609.44	-0.281	0.069	0.000***
Treatment cost	236.16	315.90	254.19	272.30	-0.099	0.153	0.515
Drug cost	2380.28	2385.71	2727.16	1763.17	-0.415	0.160	0.010***
Hospitalization fee	322.26	334.31	434.32	291.70	-0.358	0.124	0.004***
Laboratory fee	125.74	136.80	151.55	121.86	-0.266	0.109	0.015**
Check-up fee	533.23	906.83	601.93	791.67	-0.205	0.164	0.212
Operation fee	0.00	51.58	1.99	104.76	0.630	0.643	0.333
Diagnostic test fee	1826.32	1653.67	1831.47	1150.24	-0.408	0.104	0.000***
CT fee	521.42	383.45	561.20	359.64	-0.197	0.117	0.095
Color ultrasound fee	374.48	308.89	418.02	233.47	-0.432	0.181	0.018**
Nursing fee	58.42	60.86	94.56	100.33	2.410	6.146	0.695
Anesthetic fee	243.00	254.49	279.80	217.49	-0.255	0.110	0.021**
Other expenses	153.39	261.36	144.52	202.81	-0.150	0.174	0.390
panel B: planned cesarean section
Total cost	7222.25	7142.75	7085.49	6773.52	-0.033	0.013	0.008***
Treatment cost	313.23	337.04	307.91	313.02	-0.050	0.030	0.105
Drug cost	1345.88	1257.96	1242.62	1179.87	0.009	0.030	0.757
Hospitalization fee	747.57	686.25	779.65	630.81	-0.137	0.072	0.057
Laboratory Fee	289.23	548.67	297.83	532.15	-0.050	0.277	0.213
Check-up fee	89.77	96.25	87.84	90.95	-0.034	0.044	0.260
Operation Fee	1433.76	1438.73	1427.77	1413.00	-0.010	0.017	0.567
Diagnostic test fee	459.53	480.71	432.69	470.12	0.069	0.041	0.093
Color ultrasound fee	42.77	53.32	41.98	32.52	-0.068	0.569	0.233
Nursing fee	568.82	603.80	565.11	601.94	-0.019	0.198	0.344
Anesthetic fee	370.82	421.67	366.18	411.61	-0.015	0.280	0.592
Other expenses	1560.89	1218.34	1535.93	1097.54	-0.092	0.029	0.001***
panel C: Lacunar infarction
Total cost	8083.86	7806.41	8834.50	5432.32	-0.372	0.101	0.000***
Treatment cost	411.23	399.75	354.50	283.58	-0.269	0.163	0.100
Drug costs	3937.54	3381.31	3949.50	1847.46	-0.557	0.153	0.000***
Hospitalization fee	383.50	406.10	508.39	277.00	-0.570	0.133	0.000***
Laboratory Fee	568.70	765.32	719.73	651.29	-0.380	0.189	0.045**
Check-up fee	147.75	149.63	182.54	113.72	-0.472	0.118	0.000***
Operation Fee	0.00	5.76	0.00	120.35	0.406	0.069	0.000***
Diagnostic test fee	1315.32	1153.94	1497.53	923.70	-0.299	0.135	0.028**
CT fee	315.42	345.08	541.85	337.36	-0.389	0.176	0.029**
Color ultrasound fee	166.57	44.98	297.96	204.19	1.053	0.255	0.000***
Nursing fee	6.27	0.85	11.54	7.85	-1.276	1.152	0.280
Anesthetic fee	376.17	417.81	361.26	202.13	-0.554	0.151	0.000***
Other expenses	455.41	735.87	409.68	463.72	-0.509	0.232	0.029**

Significance levels *P < 0.1; **P < 0.05; ***P < 0.01