. 2024 Mar 13;21:67. doi: 10.1186/s12974-024-03059-x

Table 1.

Characteristics of brain-resident microglia and BAMs

Subset		Origin	Turnover	Morphology	Motility	Cell markers	Transcriptional profiles		References
Microglia		Embryonic yolk sac	Self-renewal	Homeostasis: ramified; Inflammation: amoeboid; Brain injury: bipolar rod	Cell bodies: stationary; Processes: actively mobile	SIGLEC-H, SALL1, TMEM119, P2RY12	Tmem119, Siglech, Slc2a5, P2ry12, Sparc, Fcrls, Olfml3, Sall1, Hexb, Trem2		[33, 34, 50, 53, 81–83, 91, 96–99, 106]
BAMs	sdΜΦ	Yolk sac; fetal liver;	Self-renewal	Homeostasis: elongated; Inflammation: extended protrusions	Cell bodies: partial motility; Processes: highly dynamic	CD206, CD38, CD169, CD163, CD36, LYVE1	Lyve1, P2rx7, Ccr1, Egfl7	Mrc1, Cd163, Cd169, Cd36, Apoe, Ms4a7, Ms4a6c, Stab1, Lyz2, Pf4, Cbr2, Tgfbi	[45, 48–50, 52, 84, 85, 91]
	dmΜΦ	Yolk sac; fetal liver	Self-renewal; skull and vertebral bone marrow	Homeostasis: pleomorphic, bipolar with many dendrites;	Cell bodies: partial motility; Processes: highly dynamic				[45, 48–50, 52, 84, 85, 91]
	PVMs	Yolk sac; fetal liver	Self-renewal	Homeostasis: elongated; Inflammation: extended dendritic processes	Cell bodies: stationary; Processes: constantly extending and retracting their protrusions		Mrc1, Cd163, Lyz2, Pf4, Lyve1		[46–48, 50, 88, 89, 91, 104, 106, 110]
	cpΜΦ	Yolk sac; fetal liver	Self-renewal; blood monocyte	Embryonic: amoeboid with small processes; Adult: cpΜΦ, stellate with long, thin processes; cp^epiΜΦ, an amoeboid shape	Cell bodies: non-motile; Processes: highly dynamic		Ccnd2, Ttr, Lilra5		[48–51, 85–87, 90, 91, 105]
	cp^epiΜΦ	Yolk sac; fetal liver	Self-renewal		Cell bodies: high motility; Processes: highly dynamic		Significantly similar to microglia		[48–51, 85–87, 90, 91, 105]