Table 2.
Association between metabolic syndrome and dementia risk
| Variable | All-cause dementia | Alzheimer’s disease | Vascular dementia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-MetS | MetS | Non-MetS | MetSe | Non-MetS | MetSe | |
| Cases, n | 4597 | 2248 | 2002 | 883 | 925 | 600 |
| Person-years | 4,422,910 | 1,374,613 | 4,428,013 | 1,377,299 | 4,430,434 | 1,378,035 |
| Incidence ratea | 103.94 | 163.54 | 45.21 | 64.11 | 20.88 | 43.54 |
| Model 1b, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.25 (1.19–1.31)* | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.11 (1.02–1.20)* | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.64 (1.48–1.82)* |
| Model 2c, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.11 (1.05–1.17)* | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.41 (1.27–1.57)* |
| Model 3d, HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.06 (1.01–1.12)* | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.28 (1.15–1.43)* |
MetS, metabolic syndrome
*P-value < 0.05
aPer 100,000 person-years
bModel 1, stratified by age, gender, and UK Biobank assessment center
cModel 2, additionally adjusted for race (white or other), index of multiple deprivation (a measure of socioeconomic status), smoking status (never smoked, previous smoker, current smoker), alcohol consumption (never or special occasions only, one to three times a month, one to four times a week, daily or almost daily), physical activity (high, low, moderate, or unknown/missing), portions of fruit and vegetable intake (< 5 portions per day, ≥ 5 portions per day, or unknown/missing)
dModel 3, fully adjusted model additionally adjusted for regular medications [multivitamin use (yes or no), mineral supplement (yes or no), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (yes or no), aspirin (yes or no)], and history of Alzheimer’s disease/dementia (yes or no)