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. 2024 Feb 29;18(10):7618–7632. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00550

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Stability and degradation of AnCHNPs. (a) Time-dependent release of Ca2+ from PCHNPs, tested in ammonium acetate buffer solutions at pH 7.4 and 5.5. (b) TEM images of PCHNPs showing that the calcium core was gradually degraded during incubation in water. Scale bars: 100 nm. (c) DC uptake of AnCHNPs (Cy5-labeled, 5 μg/mL). Compared to PCHNPs, AnCHNPs showed significantly increased cellular uptake (n = 3). (d) DC uptake when AnCHNPs were coincubated with endocytosis inhibitors including sodium azide (50 mM), dynasore (80 μM), nystatin (25 μM), and chlorpromazine (100 μM) (n = 3). (e) DC lysosomal pH change when the cells were incubated with AnCHNPs (5 μg/mL) (n = 3). (f) DC [Ca2+]int changes when the cells were treated with AnCHNPs or CaCl2 (5 or 10 μg/mL), assessed by Fluo-3 AM (n = 3). (g) [Na+]int of DCs when the cells were incubated with AnCHNPs or CaCl2 (5 or 10 μg/mL), assessed by SBFI-AM (n = 3). (h) [K+]int of DCs when the cells were incubated with AnCHNPs or CaCl2 (5 or 10 μg/mL), assessed by PBFI-AM (n = 3). Data are presented as the mean ± s.d. *, p < 0.05.