Table 1.
Baseline characteristics among patients with or without left atrial diameter data among non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
| Variables | With LAD data | Without LAD data | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 3002 | n = 969 | ||
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 73.5 ± 10.7 | 73.8 ± 11.3 | 0.55 |
| Age ≥ 75 years, n (%) | 1505 (50%) | 506 (52%) | 0.26 |
| Women, n (%) | 1226 (41%) | 401 (41%) | 0.76 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 3.9 | 23.2 ± 3.8 | 0.62 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125 ± 19 | 129 ± 17 | <0.001 |
| Pulse rate (beats/min) | 78 ± 16 | 79 ± 18 | 0.094 |
| Paroxysmal AF, n (%) | 1579 (53%) | 458 (47%) | 0.004 |
| Prior catheter ablation, n (%) | 226 (8%) | 43 (4%) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| CHADS2 score | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.3 | 0.47 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 0.50 |
| Pre-existing HF, n (%) | 701 (23%) | 177 (18%) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 366 (12%) | 126 (13%) | 0.51 |
| Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 514 (17%) | 47 (5%) | <0.001 |
| Cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 67 (2%) | 12 (1%) | 0.054 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1892 (63%) | 618 (64%) | 0.67 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 1300 (43%) | 438 (45%) | 0.30 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 705 (23%) | 209 (22%) | 0.22 |
| History of stroke/SE, n (%) | 596 (20%) | 194 (20%) | 0.91 |
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 107 (4%) | 43 (4%) | 0.22 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 1079 (36%) | 258 (27%) | <0.001 |
| COPD, n (%) | 166 (6%) | 40 (4%) | 0.087 |
| Prescription at baseline | |||
| Oral anticoagulants, n (%) | 1684 (56%) | 461 (48%) | <0.001 |
| Warfarin, n (%) | 1218 (41%) | 353 (37%) | 0.024 |
| DOAC, n (%) | 466 (16%) | 108 (11%) | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARB, n (%) | 1306 (44%) | 388 (40%) | 0.062 |
| β-blocker, n (%) | 898 (30%) | 219 (23%) | <0.001 |
| MRA, n (%) | 228 (8%) | 52 (5%) | 0.020 |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 618 (21%) | 125 (13%) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| BNP (ng/L) | 101 (44, 216) | 98 (42, 213) | 0.85 |
| NT-proBNP (ng/L) | 739 (260, 1614) | 520 (179, 1234) | 0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 60.4 (47.7, 73.2) | 62.5 (50.3, 74.6) | 0.009 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.9 ± 2.0 | 13.1 ± 1.9 | 0.005 |
| Events during follow-up period | |||
| HF hospitalization | 412 (14%) | 110 (11%) | 0.057 |
Categorical data are presented as numbers (%). Continuous data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or median and interquartile range (25%, 75%).
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulants; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LAD, left atrial diameter; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-BNP; SE, systemic embolism.