Table 3.

Cox regression analysis for the incidence of heart failure hospitalization

	Events/no. at risk	Incidence ratea	Univariable		Multivariable Model 1		Multivariable Model 2		Multivariable Model 3		Multivariable Model 4
			HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value
LAD < 40 mm	95/1136	1.5	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	0.003	Reference	0.005
LAD 40–44 mm	101/790	2.3	1.52 (1.15–2.02)		1.34 (1.01–1.78)		1.34 (1.01–1.78)		1.24 (0.92–1.67)		1.41 (0.98–2.03)
LAD 45–49 mm	98/570	3.3	2.21 (1.67–2.94)		1.84 (1.37–2.46)		1.68 (1.25–2.26)		1.62 (1.19–2.22)		1.73 (1.19–2.51)
LAD ≥ 50 mm	118/506	5.1	3.39 (2.59–4.44)		2.36 (1.75–3.18)		2.22 (1.64–2.99)		1.77 (1.27–2.46)		1.95 (1.32–2.87)
As continuous variablesb	—	—	1.31 (1.24–1.39)	<0.001	1.22 (1.15–1.30)	<0.001	1.20 (1.12–1.28)	<0.001	1.13 (1.05–1.21)	<0.001	1.15 (1.06–1.25)	0.001

Multivariable Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, type of AF, and CHA₂DS₂-VASc score. Multivariable Model 2 was adjusted for covariates included in Model 1 and the prescription of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Multivariable Model 3 was adjusted for covariates included in Model 1 and covariates significantly differed across the patients stratified by LAD (body mass index, history of HF, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and left ventricular ejection fraction). Multivariable Model 4 was adjusted for covariates included in Model 1 and log-transformed N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide levels.

CI, confidence interval; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; LAD, left atrial diameter.

^aPercent per person-year.

^bHazard ratio was calculated per 5 mm LAD increase.