Table 1: How to ask for contributions in different ways.

post-its. Step 1: After you pose your question, let students think individually and write down their answers on one or several post-its. Step 2: You ask the students to cluster the post-its, for example on a white board or on a table. Step 3: you discuss the similarities and differences, or answers that stand out. In an online environment, you can use the program Padlet ( https://nl.padlet.com/).

think-pair-share (TPS). Step 1: After asking a question, allow students to think individually for 2 minutes. Step 2: students pair up with another student and discuss for 4 minutes. Step 3: students re-group and some or all of the pairs share their ideas with the rest of the class.

use software: in programs such as Mentimeter, you can pose a question and ask students to think about it and then respond on their smartphone or laptop. The answers will be visible live on the computer screen, for example as a word cloud or a flowing grid. You can then ask students to explain their answers or to elaborate.