Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of OS in training cohort.
| Characteristics | Univariate Cox | Multivariate Cox | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | P | CI | HR | P | CI | |
| Age: | ||||||
| <40 | ||||||
| 40–59 | 2.61 | <.001 | 2.27–2.99 | 2.506 | <.001 | 2.182–2.878 |
| 60–79 | 7.56 | <.001 | 6.6–8.67 | 7.165 | <.001 | 6.249–8.215 |
| >=80 | 21.14 | <.001 | 18.44–24.24 | 18.164 | <.001 | 15.836–20.833 |
| Race: | ||||||
| White | ||||||
| Black | 1.15 | <.001 | 1.12–1.19 | 1.179 | <.001 | 1.145–1.213 |
| Other | 0.84 | <.001 | 0.81–0.87 | 0.842 | <.001 | 0.814–0.871 |
| Sex: | ||||||
| Male | ||||||
| Female | 0.95 | <.001 | 0.94–0.96 | 0.811 | <.001 | 0.798–0.825 |
| Marital Status: | ||||||
| Married | ||||||
| Unmarried | 1.05 | <.001 | 1.03–1.07 | 1.272 | <.001 | 1.249–1.295 |
| Widowed | 2.12 | <.001 | 2.09–2.16 | 1.406 | <.001 | 1.381–1.432 |
| Unknown | 0.98 | .07 | 0.95–1 | 0.996 | .767 | 0.969–1.024 |
| Household location: | ||||||
| Rural | ||||||
| Urban | 0.9 | <.001 | 0.88–0.91 | 0.873 | <.001 | 0.857–0.889 |
| Tumor primary site: | ||||||
| Bladder wall | ||||||
| Bladder base | 0.95 | <.001 | 0.93–0.97 | 1.012 | .222 | 0.993–1.031 |
| Urachus/Dome of bladder | 1.18 | <.001 | 1.15–1.22 | 0.991 | .607 | 0.959–1.025 |
| Overlapping lesion | 1.29 | <.001 | 1.26–1.32 | 1.106 | <.001 | 1.084–1.129 |
| Histology: | ||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | ||||||
| Epithelial carcinoma | 1.03 | .441 | 0.95–1.13 | 0.961 | .375 | 0.88–1.049 |
| Other | 1.07 | .246 | 0.96–1.19 | 1.144 | .018 | 1.024–1.277 |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 1.03 | .535 | 0.94–1.12 | 1.069 | .125 | 0.982–1.165 |
| Transitional cell carcinoma | 0.58 | <.001 | 0.54–0.62 | 0.707 | <.001 | 0.658–0.76 |
| Grade: | ||||||
| I | ||||||
| II | 1.09 | <.001 | 1.06–1.11 | 1.054 | <.001 | 1.031–1.078 |
| III | 1.85 | <.001 | 1.8–1.89 | 1.365 | <.001 | 1.333–1.399 |
| IV | 1.9 | <.001 | 1.86–1.94 | 1.406 | <.001 | 1.373–1.44 |
| Unknown | 1.31 | <.001 | 1.28–1.34 | 1.172 | <.001 | 1.143–1.201 |
| Laterality: | ||||||
| Bilateral | ||||||
| Lateral | 1.15 | 0 | 1.08–1.22 | 1.077 | .021 | 1.011–1.147 |
| T Stage: | ||||||
| T1/Tis/Ta | ||||||
| T2 | 2.52 | <.001 | 2.48–2.57 | 2.368 | <.001 | 2.317-2.421 |
| T3 | 2.33 | <.001 | 2.26-2.41 | 2.802 | <.001 | 2.697-2.911 |
| T4 | 3.67 | <.001 | 3.54-3.8 | 3.572 | <.001 | 3.432-3.717 |
| Tumor size: | ||||||
| 0-2.0 | ||||||
| 2.1-4.0 | 1.2 | <.001 | 1.17-1.23 | 1.053 | <.001 | 1.025–1.082 |
| 4.1–6.0 | 1.65 | <.001 | 1.6–1.7 | 1.24 | <.001 | 1.203–1.279 |
| 6.1–8.0 | 2.1 | <.001 | 2–2.2 | 1.5 | <.001 | 1.428–1.577 |
| 8.1–10.0 | 2.42 | <.001 | 2.25–2.61 | 1.64 | <.001 | 1.52–1.769 |
| >10.0 | 1.31 | <.001 | 1.23–1.39 | 1.193 | <.001 | 1.124–1.267 |
| Unknown | 1.31 | <.001 | 1.29–1.34 | 1.17 | <.001 | 1.144–1.196 |
| Surgery type: | ||||||
| No surgery | ||||||
| Local tumor destruction/excision | 0.85 | <.001 | 0.83–0.88 | 0.875 | <.001 | 0.849–0.902 |
| Partial cystectomy | 1.08 | .014 | 1.02–1.15 | 0.655 | <.001 | 0.614–0.699 |
| Complete cystectomy | 1.09 | <.001 | 1.05–1.13 | 0.617 | <.001 | 0.586–0.649 |
| Complete cystectomy with pelvic exenteration | 1.03 | .213 | 0.98–1.08 | 0.651 | <.001 | 0.612–0.693 |
| Surgery other sites: | ||||||
| None | ||||||
| Yes | 1.34 | <.001 | 1.27–1.42 | 0.999 | .983 | 0.944–1.058 |
| Unknown | 0.99 | .172 | 0.97–1.01 | 0.914 | .198 | 0.797–1.048 |
| Lymph nodes surgery: | ||||||
| None | ||||||
| Regional lymph nodes removed | 1.1 | <.001 | 1.07–1.13 | 0.749 | <.001 | 0.717–0.782 |
| Unknown | 0.99 | .365 | 0.98–1.01 | 1.086 | .238 | 0.947–1.244 |
| Chemotherapy: | ||||||
| None/Unknown | ||||||
| Yes | 1.07 | <.001 | 1.05–1.09 | 1.037 | .006 | 1.011–1.064 |
| Radiation: | ||||||
| None/Unknown | ||||||
| Yes | 3.23 | <.001 | 3.15–3.32 | 1.371 | <.001 | 1.215–1.546 |
| Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Chemotherapy: | ||||||
| None | ||||||
| Chemotherapy before surgery | 0.71 | <.001 | 0.69–0.73 | 0.734 | <.001 | 0.705–0.763 |
| Chemotherapy after surgery | 0.95 | <.001 | 0.93–0.97 | 0.805 | <.001 | 0.785–0.827 |
| Before and after | 1.01 | .794 | 0.91–1.13 | 0.895 | .049 | 0.801–1 |
| Unknown | 0.96 | <.001 | 0.94–0.97 | 0.979 | .014 | 0.962–0.996 |
| Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Radiotherapy: | ||||||
| None | ||||||
| Radiation before surgery | 2.04 | <.001 | 1.64–2.53 | 0.882 | .319 | 0.688–1.13 |
| Radiation after surgery | 3.21 | <.001 | 3.12–3.3 | 0.801 | <.001 | 0.708–0.905 |
| Before and after | 1.98 | <.001 | 1.4–2.81 | 0.535 | .001 | 0.37–0.772 |
| Unknown | 1.97 | <.001 | 1.35–2.88 | 0.779 | .212 | 0.526–1.153 |
HR = hazard ratio, OS = overall survival.