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. 2024 Mar 15;103(11):e37492. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037492

Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analyses of OS in training cohort.

Characteristics Univariate Cox Multivariate Cox
HR P CI HR P CI
Age:
 <40
 40–59 2.61 <.001 2.27–2.99 2.506 <.001 2.182–2.878
 60–79 7.56 <.001 6.6–8.67 7.165 <.001 6.249–8.215
 >=80 21.14 <.001 18.44–24.24 18.164 <.001 15.836–20.833
Race:
 White
 Black 1.15 <.001 1.12–1.19 1.179 <.001 1.145–1.213
 Other 0.84 <.001 0.81–0.87 0.842 <.001 0.814–0.871
Sex:
 Male
 Female 0.95 <.001 0.94–0.96 0.811 <.001 0.798–0.825
Marital Status:
 Married
 Unmarried 1.05 <.001 1.03–1.07 1.272 <.001 1.249–1.295
 Widowed 2.12 <.001 2.09–2.16 1.406 <.001 1.381–1.432
 Unknown 0.98 .07 0.95–1 0.996 .767 0.969–1.024
Household location:
 Rural
 Urban 0.9 <.001 0.88–0.91 0.873 <.001 0.857–0.889
Tumor primary site:
 Bladder wall
 Bladder base 0.95 <.001 0.93–0.97 1.012 .222 0.993–1.031
 Urachus/Dome of bladder 1.18 <.001 1.15–1.22 0.991 .607 0.959–1.025
 Overlapping lesion 1.29 <.001 1.26–1.32 1.106 <.001 1.084–1.129
Histology:
 Adenocarcinoma
 Epithelial carcinoma 1.03 .441 0.95–1.13 0.961 .375 0.88–1.049
 Other 1.07 .246 0.96–1.19 1.144 .018 1.024–1.277
 Squamous cell carcinoma 1.03 .535 0.94–1.12 1.069 .125 0.982–1.165
 Transitional cell carcinoma 0.58 <.001 0.54–0.62 0.707 <.001 0.658–0.76
Grade:
 I
 II 1.09 <.001 1.06–1.11 1.054 <.001 1.031–1.078
 III 1.85 <.001 1.8–1.89 1.365 <.001 1.333–1.399
 IV 1.9 <.001 1.86–1.94 1.406 <.001 1.373–1.44
 Unknown 1.31 <.001 1.28–1.34 1.172 <.001 1.143–1.201
Laterality:
 Bilateral
 Lateral 1.15 0 1.08–1.22 1.077 .021 1.011–1.147
T Stage:
 T1/Tis/Ta
 T2 2.52 <.001 2.48–2.57 2.368 <.001 2.317-2.421
 T3 2.33 <.001 2.26-2.41 2.802 <.001 2.697-2.911
 T4 3.67 <.001 3.54-3.8 3.572 <.001 3.432-3.717
Tumor size:
 0-2.0
 2.1-4.0 1.2 <.001 1.17-1.23 1.053 <.001 1.025–1.082
 4.1–6.0 1.65 <.001 1.6–1.7 1.24 <.001 1.203–1.279
 6.1–8.0 2.1 <.001 2–2.2 1.5 <.001 1.428–1.577
 8.1–10.0 2.42 <.001 2.25–2.61 1.64 <.001 1.52–1.769
 >10.0 1.31 <.001 1.23–1.39 1.193 <.001 1.124–1.267
 Unknown 1.31 <.001 1.29–1.34 1.17 <.001 1.144–1.196
Surgery type:
 No surgery
 Local tumor destruction/excision 0.85 <.001 0.83–0.88 0.875 <.001 0.849–0.902
 Partial cystectomy 1.08 .014 1.02–1.15 0.655 <.001 0.614–0.699
 Complete cystectomy 1.09 <.001 1.05–1.13 0.617 <.001 0.586–0.649
Complete cystectomy with pelvic exenteration 1.03 .213 0.98–1.08 0.651 <.001 0.612–0.693
Surgery other sites:
 None
 Yes 1.34 <.001 1.27–1.42 0.999 .983 0.944–1.058
 Unknown 0.99 .172 0.97–1.01 0.914 .198 0.797–1.048
Lymph nodes surgery:
 None
 Regional lymph nodes removed 1.1 <.001 1.07–1.13 0.749 <.001 0.717–0.782
 Unknown 0.99 .365 0.98–1.01 1.086 .238 0.947–1.244
Chemotherapy:
 None/Unknown
 Yes 1.07 <.001 1.05–1.09 1.037 .006 1.011–1.064
Radiation:
 None/Unknown
 Yes 3.23 <.001 3.15–3.32 1.371 <.001 1.215–1.546
Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Chemotherapy:
 None
 Chemotherapy before surgery 0.71 <.001 0.69–0.73 0.734 <.001 0.705–0.763
 Chemotherapy after surgery 0.95 <.001 0.93–0.97 0.805 <.001 0.785–0.827
 Before and after 1.01 .794 0.91–1.13 0.895 .049 0.801–1
 Unknown 0.96 <.001 0.94–0.97 0.979 .014 0.962–0.996
Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Radiotherapy:
 None
 Radiation before surgery 2.04 <.001 1.64–2.53 0.882 .319 0.688–1.13
 Radiation after surgery 3.21 <.001 3.12–3.3 0.801 <.001 0.708–0.905
 Before and after 1.98 <.001 1.4–2.81 0.535 .001 0.37–0.772
 Unknown 1.97 <.001 1.35–2.88 0.779 .212 0.526–1.153

HR = hazard ratio, OS = overall survival.