Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of CSS in training cohort.
| Characteristics | Univariate Cox | Multivariate Cox | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | P | CI | HR | P | CI | |
| Age: | ||||||
| <40 | ||||||
| 40–59 | 2.19 | <.001 | 1.8–2.66 | 1.86 | <.001 | 1.529–2.261 |
| 60–79 | 4.26 | <.001 | 3.51–5.16 | 3.485 | <.001 | 2.872–4.228 |
| >=80 | 10.31 | <.001 | 8.5–12.51 | 7.252 | <.001 | 5.973–8.805 |
| Race: | ||||||
| White | ||||||
| Black | 1.51 | <.001 | 1.44–1.57 | 1.346 | <.001 | 1.289–1.405 |
| Other | 0.93 | .014 | 0.88–0.99 | 0.893 | <.001 | 0.845–0.943 |
| Sex: | ||||||
| Male | ||||||
| Female | 1.14 | <.001 | 1.11–1.17 | 0.997 | .799 | 0.971–1.023 |
| Marital status: | ||||||
| Married | ||||||
| Unmarried | 1.17 | <.001 | 1.13–1.2 | 1.249 | <.001 | 1.213–1.286 |
| Widowed | 2.08 | <.001 | 2.02–2.13 | 1.297 | <.001 | 1.259–1.337 |
| Unknown | 0.86 | <.001 | 0.82–0.9 | 0.911 | <.001 | 0.867–0.957 |
| Household location: | ||||||
| Rural | ||||||
| Urban | 0.92 | <.001 | 0.9–0.95 | 0.896 | <.001 | 0.869–0.924 |
| Tumor primary site: | ||||||
| Bladder wall | ||||||
| Bladder base | 0.95 | .005 | 0.92–0.99 | 1.03 | .073 | 0.997–1.064 |
| Urachus/Dome of bladder | 1.31 | <.001 | 1.24–1.38 | 0.968 | .231 | 0.917–1.021 |
| Overlapping lesion | 1.61 | <.001 | 1.56–1.66 | 1.182 | <.001 | 1.145–1.22 |
| Histology: | ||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | ||||||
| Epithelial carcinoma | 1.08 | .212 | 0.96–1.21 | 1.061 | .333 | 0.941–1.195 |
| Other | 1.25 | .002 | 1.08–1.45 | 1.326 | <.001 | 1.147–1.534 |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 1.1 | .117 | 0.98–1.23 | 1.252 | <.001 | 1.114–1.407 |
| Transitional cell carcinoma | 0.39 | <.001 | 0.35–0.43 | 0.673 | <.001 | 0.609–0.743 |
| Grade: | ||||||
| I | ||||||
| II | 1.34 | <.001 | 1.28–1.41 | 1.293 | <.001 | 1.228–1.362 |
| III | 4.44 | <.001 | 4.23–4.66 | 2.587 | <.001 | 2.459-2.72 |
| IV | 4.69 | <.001 | 4.47-4.92 | 2.726 | <.001 | 2.592-2.866 |
| Unknown | 2.31 | <.001 | 2.19-2.43 | 1.919 | <.001 | 1.821-2.022 |
| Laterality: | ||||||
| Bilateral | ||||||
| Lateral | 1.17 | .003 | 1.05-1.29 | 1.058 | .279 | 0.955-1.171 |
| T Stage: | ||||||
| T1/Tis/Ta | ||||||
| T2 | 5.28 | <.001 | 5.15–5.41 | 4.008 | <.001 | 3.886–4.133 |
| T3 | 5.36 | <.001 | 5.15–5.57 | 5.084 | <.001 | 4.833–5.348 |
| T4 | 8.74 | <.001 | 8.36–9.13 | 6.865 | <.001 | 6.528–7.22 |
| Tumor Size: | ||||||
| 0–2.0 | ||||||
| 2.1–4.0 | 1.49 | <.001 | 1.42–1.56 | 1.125 | <.001 | 1.072–1.181 |
| 4.1–6.0 | 2.6 | <.001 | 2.48–2.74 | 1.469 | <.001 | 1.396–1.547 |
| 6.1–8.0 | 4.24 | <.001 | 3.95–4.54 | 1.98 | <.001 | 1.846–2.125 |
| 8.1–10.0 | 5.13 | <.001 | 4.65–5.67 | 2.283 | <.001 | 2.065–2.523 |
| >10.0 | 1.92 | <.001 | 1.75–2.12 | 1.538 | <.001 | 1.398–1.693 |
| Unknown | 1.69 | <.001 | 1.63–1.76 | 1.43 | <.001 | 1.372–1.49 |
| Surgery type: | ||||||
| No surgery | ||||||
| Local tumor destruction/excision | 0.79 | <.001 | 0.75–0.83 | 0.785 | <.001 | 0.746–0.827 |
| Partial cystectomy | 1.59 | <.001 | 1.46–1.73 | 0.6 | <.001 | 0.545–0.66 |
| Complete cystectomy | 1.75 | <.001 | 1.65–1.85 | 0.568 | <.001 | 0.527–0.613 |
| Complete cystectomy with pelvic exenteration | 1.74 | <.001 | 1.62–1.86 | 0.58 | <.001 | 0.532–0.633 |
| Surgery other sites: | ||||||
| None | ||||||
| Yes | 2 | <.001 | 1.86–2.16 | 1.005 | .891 | 0.93–1.087 |
| Unknown | 0.95 | <.001 | 0.92–0.97 | 0.871 | .23 | 0.694–1.092 |
| Lymph Nodes Surgery: | ||||||
| None | ||||||
| Regional lymph nodes removed | 1.87 | <.001 | 1.8–1.93 | 0.726 | <.001 | 0.684–0.77 |
| Unknown | 0.99 | .629 | 0.96–1.02 | 1.052 | .657 | 0.84–1.319 |
| Chemotherapy: | ||||||
| None/Unknown | ||||||
| Yes | 1.43 | <.001 | 1.39–1.46 | 1.075 | <.001 | 1.034–1.118 |
| Radiation: | ||||||
| None/Unknown | ||||||
| Yes | 5.17 | <.001 | 4.99–5.36 | 1.19 | .028 | 1.019–1.39 |
| Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Chemotherapy: | ||||||
| None | ||||||
| Chemotherapy before surgery | 0.66 | <.001 | 0.63–0.7 | 0.638 | <.001 | 0.598–0.68 |
| Chemotherapy after surgery | 1.25 | <.001 | 1.21–1.29 | 0.859 | <.001 | 0.824–0.894 |
| Before and after | 1.87 | <.001 | 1.64–2.12 | 0.983 | .808 | 0.86–1.125 |
| Unknown | 0.98 | .222 | 0.96–1.01 | 0.979 | .161 | 0.951–1.008 |
| Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Radiotherapy: | ||||||
| None | ||||||
| Radiation before surgery | 3.75 | <.001 | 2.88–4.89 | 1.133 | .426 | 0.833–1.539 |
| Radiation after surgery | 5.1 | <.001 | 4.91–5.29 | 0.904 | .209 | 0.772–1.058 |
| Before and after | 3.56 | <.001 | 2.32–5.46 | 0.609 | .033 | 0.386–0.961 |
| Unknown | 4.04 | <.001 | 2.57–6.33 | 1.129 | .615 | 0.704–1.811 |
CSS = cancer specific survival, HR = hazard ratio.