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. 2024 Mar 15;103(11):e37492. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037492

Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate analyses of CSS in training cohort.

Characteristics Univariate Cox Multivariate Cox
HR P CI HR P CI
Age:
 <40
 40–59 2.19 <.001 1.8–2.66 1.86 <.001 1.529–2.261
 60–79 4.26 <.001 3.51–5.16 3.485 <.001 2.872–4.228
 >=80 10.31 <.001 8.5–12.51 7.252 <.001 5.973–8.805
Race:
 White
 Black 1.51 <.001 1.44–1.57 1.346 <.001 1.289–1.405
 Other 0.93 .014 0.88–0.99 0.893 <.001 0.845–0.943
Sex:
 Male
 Female 1.14 <.001 1.11–1.17 0.997 .799 0.971–1.023
Marital status:
 Married
 Unmarried 1.17 <.001 1.13–1.2 1.249 <.001 1.213–1.286
 Widowed 2.08 <.001 2.02–2.13 1.297 <.001 1.259–1.337
 Unknown 0.86 <.001 0.82–0.9 0.911 <.001 0.867–0.957
Household location:
 Rural
 Urban 0.92 <.001 0.9–0.95 0.896 <.001 0.869–0.924
Tumor primary site:
 Bladder wall
 Bladder base 0.95 .005 0.92–0.99 1.03 .073 0.997–1.064
 Urachus/Dome of bladder 1.31 <.001 1.24–1.38 0.968 .231 0.917–1.021
 Overlapping lesion 1.61 <.001 1.56–1.66 1.182 <.001 1.145–1.22
Histology:
 Adenocarcinoma
 Epithelial carcinoma 1.08 .212 0.96–1.21 1.061 .333 0.941–1.195
 Other 1.25 .002 1.08–1.45 1.326 <.001 1.147–1.534
 Squamous cell carcinoma 1.1 .117 0.98–1.23 1.252 <.001 1.114–1.407
 Transitional cell carcinoma 0.39 <.001 0.35–0.43 0.673 <.001 0.609–0.743
Grade:
 I
 II 1.34 <.001 1.28–1.41 1.293 <.001 1.228–1.362
 III 4.44 <.001 4.23–4.66 2.587 <.001 2.459-2.72
 IV 4.69 <.001 4.47-4.92 2.726 <.001 2.592-2.866
 Unknown 2.31 <.001 2.19-2.43 1.919 <.001 1.821-2.022
Laterality:
 Bilateral
 Lateral 1.17 .003 1.05-1.29 1.058 .279 0.955-1.171
T Stage:
 T1/Tis/Ta
 T2 5.28 <.001 5.15–5.41 4.008 <.001 3.886–4.133
 T3 5.36 <.001 5.15–5.57 5.084 <.001 4.833–5.348
 T4 8.74 <.001 8.36–9.13 6.865 <.001 6.528–7.22
Tumor Size:
 0–2.0
 2.1–4.0 1.49 <.001 1.42–1.56 1.125 <.001 1.072–1.181
 4.1–6.0 2.6 <.001 2.48–2.74 1.469 <.001 1.396–1.547
 6.1–8.0 4.24 <.001 3.95–4.54 1.98 <.001 1.846–2.125
 8.1–10.0 5.13 <.001 4.65–5.67 2.283 <.001 2.065–2.523
 >10.0 1.92 <.001 1.75–2.12 1.538 <.001 1.398–1.693
 Unknown 1.69 <.001 1.63–1.76 1.43 <.001 1.372–1.49
Surgery type:
 No surgery
 Local tumor destruction/excision 0.79 <.001 0.75–0.83 0.785 <.001 0.746–0.827
 Partial cystectomy 1.59 <.001 1.46–1.73 0.6 <.001 0.545–0.66
 Complete cystectomy 1.75 <.001 1.65–1.85 0.568 <.001 0.527–0.613
 Complete cystectomy with pelvic exenteration 1.74 <.001 1.62–1.86 0.58 <.001 0.532–0.633
Surgery other sites:
 None
 Yes 2 <.001 1.86–2.16 1.005 .891 0.93–1.087
 Unknown 0.95 <.001 0.92–0.97 0.871 .23 0.694–1.092
Lymph Nodes Surgery:
 None
 Regional lymph nodes removed 1.87 <.001 1.8–1.93 0.726 <.001 0.684–0.77
 Unknown 0.99 .629 0.96–1.02 1.052 .657 0.84–1.319
Chemotherapy:
 None/Unknown
 Yes 1.43 <.001 1.39–1.46 1.075 <.001 1.034–1.118
Radiation:
 None/Unknown
 Yes 5.17 <.001 4.99–5.36 1.19 .028 1.019–1.39
Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Chemotherapy:
 None
 Chemotherapy before surgery 0.66 <.001 0.63–0.7 0.638 <.001 0.598–0.68
 Chemotherapy after surgery 1.25 <.001 1.21–1.29 0.859 <.001 0.824–0.894
 Before and after 1.87 <.001 1.64–2.12 0.983 .808 0.86–1.125
 Unknown 0.98 .222 0.96–1.01 0.979 .161 0.951–1.008
Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Radiotherapy:
 None
 Radiation before surgery 3.75 <.001 2.88–4.89 1.133 .426 0.833–1.539
 Radiation after surgery 5.1 <.001 4.91–5.29 0.904 .209 0.772–1.058
 Before and after 3.56 <.001 2.32–5.46 0.609 .033 0.386–0.961
 Unknown 4.04 <.001 2.57–6.33 1.129 .615 0.704–1.811

CSS = cancer specific survival, HR = hazard ratio.