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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Phys Med. 2024 Feb 6;119:103307. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2024.103307

Table 2:

Cross-validation and testing performance of DL-surv model for different techniques to solve the class imbalance.

Class-balancing technique CV c-index (95% CI) Testing c-index
Original dataset 0.72 (0.68–0.75) 0.66
Undersampling 0.70 (0.66–0.74) 0.66
Oversampling 0.66 (0.62–0.70) 0.67
Augmentation 0.70 (0.67–0.74) 0.67
Class weights (1:5) 0.72 (0.69–0.74) 0.69
Augmentation + class weights 0.68 (0.64–0.72) 0.67
SMOTE 0.66 (0.63–0.69) 0.69
ADASYN 0.67 (0.64–0.70) 0.69
DDPMNSCLC 0.74 (0.71–0.77) 0.75