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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Pollut. 2024 Feb 3;345:123493. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123493

Table 1.

Comparison of urinary concentrations (ng/mL) of volatile organic compound metabolites (VOCMs) at baseline (Day 0) and day 240 at three storage temperatures. RT= room temperature (22° C). < LOD: below limit of detection.

Parent VOC VOCM Volunteer 1 Volunteer 2 Volunteer 3
Baseline conc. (day 0) Conc. on day 240 at RT Conc. on day 240 at 4° C Conc. on day 240 at −20° C Baseline conc(day 0) Conc. on day 240 at RT Conc. on day 240 at 4° C Conc. on day 240 at −20° C Baseline conc (day 0) Conc. on day 240 at RT Conc. on day 240 at 4° C Conc. on day 240 at −20° C
Acrolein CEMA 21.3 < LOD < LOD < LOD 232 294 195 143 67.8 < LOD < LOD < LOD
Acrolein 3HPMA 187 34.7 20.6 22.7 686 149 126 130 126 22.9 11.6 6.52
Propylene oxide 2HPMA 73.5 46.8 70.7 50.2 259 230 219 197 48.7 40.0 50.5 33.1
Toluene SBMA 2.09 < LOD 0.902 0.656 11.4 9.56 8.66 7.05 2.06 < LOD 0.904 0.207
Acrylamide AAMA 30.6 < LOD 12.7 8.87 145 84.3 88.4 58.4 11.3 0.433 5.85 0.370
Acrylamide GAMA 9.33 39.6 3.85 1.13 42.3 15.7 119.0 69.3 1.92 < LOD < LOD < LOD
Acrylonitrile CYMA 4.73 4.86 3.54 1.82 3.74 2.08 6.63 2.11 1.91 < LOD < LOD < LOD
Xylene 2MHA 45.4 61.6 63.4 31.1 30.7 30.4 63.8 42.0 4.42 14.6 16.5 11.7
Xylene 3+4 MHA 56.2 37.2 31.3 18.1 69.1 23.2 54.4 20.4 9.49 22.2 11.4 13.8
1,3-Butadiene DHBMA 345 < LOD 101 43.8 599 343 221 277 68.85 <LOD 11.0 <LOD
1,3-Butadiene MHBMA 1+2+3 24.0 9.50 13.4 11.5 126 141 173 99 6.40 8.46 8.98 2.81
Crotonaldehyde CMEMA 601 1.95 301 186 2010 1325 1450 1030 158 33.7 84.7 19.7
N,N-Dimethylforma mide AMCC 50.4 < LOD 48.8 21.0 154 < LOD < LOD < LOD 16.9 < LOD < LOD < LOD
1-Bromopropane BPMA 8.07 < LOD 3.55 2.07 259 23.9 50.5 61.9 < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD
Carbon disulfide TTCA 376 < LOD 209 122 1230 1410 20.8 153 79.6 18.0 35.7 6.50
Tetrachloroethylene TCVMA 19.3 < LOD 3.65 1.34 19.7 5.18 5.34 3.3 3.68 < LOD < LOD < LOD
Methylating agents MMA 20.5 < LOD < LOD 2.5 13.0 15.0 1.72 2.79 < LOD < LOD < LOD < LOD
Crotonaldehyde HPMMA 98.5 < LOD 59.6 28.1 322 280 334 232 53.8 < LOD 15.5 < LOD
∑VOCM 1970 234 947 552 6210 4380 3140 2530 660 126 253 94.7

38 VOCM metabolites were analyzed. The table presents only those that were found in samples. AAMA-Sul, CMEMA, HEMA, 1,2- & 2,2-DCVMA, 2,4-, 2,5- & 3,4-DPMA, ATCA, PGA, 1,2- & 2,2-PHEMA, MA, SPMA, MU, EMA, NANPC, and IPM 1 & IPM 3 were not detected in any of the urine samples. Samples stored at 4°C and −20°C endred 18 freeze-thaw cycles.