Table 2:
MOGAD characteristics by presence or absence of leptomeningeal enhancement on the initial brain MRI.
| MOGAD with LME (N=6) | MOGAD without LME (N=14) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Age at disease onset, y median (IQR) | 11.0 (7.0, 12.0) | 7.0 (5.0, 12.0) | 0.38 |
| Sex, Female, N (%) | 5 (83) | 9 (64) | 0.61 |
| Seizure at time of presentation, N (%) | 2 (33) | 4 (29) | 1.00 |
| Relapse, N (%) | 6 (67) | 3 (27) | 0.17 |
| Ancillary test results | |||
| CSF white cell count, cells/uL, median (IQR) | 13 (3, 34) | 8 (3, 15) | 0.53 |
| Elevated CSF OCBs, N (%) | 2 (40)1 | 3 (23)1 | 0.58 |
| CSF to serum albumin ratio, median (IQR) | 4.0 (2.5, 6.9) | 3.3 (2.3, 3.9) | 0.22 |
| MRI features, N (%) | |||
| Brain MRI | |||
| Lesion number | 0.40 | ||
| None | 1 (17) | 5 (36) | |
| 1–10 | 3 (50) | 6 (43) | |
| > 10 | 2 (33) | 3 (21) | |
| Lesion size | 0.21 | ||
| 0–2 cm | 1 (20) | 8 (62) | |
| > 2 cm | 2 (40) | 2 (15) | |
| Both | 2 (40) | 3 (21) | |
| Lesion Location | |||
| Basal ganglia | 2 (40) | 4 (31) | 1.00 |
| Thalamus | 2 (40) | 3 (23) | 0.58 |
| Corpus callosum | 2 (40) | 3 (23) | 0.58 |
| Periventricular white matter | 2 (40) | 5 (38) | 1.00 |
| Brainstem | 2 (40) | 4 (31) | 1.00 |
| Cerebellum | 2 (40) | 3 (23) | 0.58 |
| Supratentorial lesions | 0.21 | ||
| None | 0 (0) | 4 (31) | |
| 1–10 | 3 (60) | 6 (46) | |
| >10 | 2 (40) | 3 (23) | |
| Infratentorial lesions | 0.85 | ||
| None | 3 (60) | 8 (62) | |
| 1–10 | 2 (40) | 4 (31) | |
| >10 | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | |
| Confluent | 4 (80) | 5 (38) | 0.29 |
| Well demarcated | 2 (40) | 5 (38) | 1.00 |
| Poorly demarcated | 5 (86) | 7 (50) | 0.35 |
| T1 hypointense | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- |
| Cortical lesion | 3 (50) | 0 (0) | 0.018 |
| MS-like | 2 (40) | 2 (15) | 0.53 |
| Gadolinium enhancement | 4 (80) | 6 (46) | 0.31 |
| Diffusion restriction | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | 0.28 |
| Optic neuritis | 1 (25)2 | 6 (67)7 | 0.27 |
| Spinal cord | |||
| Any lesion | 2 (50) | 1 (9) | 0.15 |
| Cervical | 2 (33) | 1 (7) | 0.20 |
| Thoracic | 1 (17) | 0 (0) | 0.30 |
| Conus | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- |
| Gray matter | 2 (33) | 1 (7) | 0.20 |
| White matter | 1 (17) | 1 (7) | 0.52 |
| Mixed | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- |
| Single short segment | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- |
| Multiple short segment | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- |
| LETM | 2 (33) | 1 (7) | 0.20 |
| Spine LME | |||
| Edema | 1 (17) | 1 (7) | 1.00 |
| Syrinx | 2 (33) | 0 (0) | 0.40 |
MOGAD: anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease, CSF: cerebrospinal fluid, OCBs: oligoclonal bands, NA: not applicable, IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation, uL: microliter, LME: leptomeningeal enhancement, LETM: longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, MS: multiple sclerosis, cm = centimeters
1
Missing data in 1 patient
2
Missing data in 2 patients
7
Missing data in 7 patients
9
Missing data in 9 patients