Table 5.

Spearman correlations in 24-hour urine samples in the overall cohort

Metabolite	HbA1c	BMI	BMI percent	BMI-z score	BF%
BCAAs mmol/mol Cr, 24 h	.389, P = .0006	.179, P = .0418	.192, P = .0296	.19, P = .0308	.294, P = .0009
BCKAs mmol/mol Cr, 24 h	.401, P = .0002	.136, P = .1163	.128, P = .1438	.128, P = .1444	.276, P = .0016
KIV mmol/mol Cr, 24 h	.457, P < .0001	.222, P = .0096	.208, P = .0173	.208, P = .0174	.315, P = .0003
KMV mmol/mol Cr, 24 h	.387, P = .0004	.114, P = .1871	.108, P = .2174	.108, P = .2178	.251, P = .0043
KIC mmol/mol Cr, 24 h	.439, P < .0001	.124, P = .1504	.103, P = .2424	.102, P = .2466	.259, P = .0031
Tryptophan mmol/mol Cr, 24 h	.381, P = .0004	.179, P = .0374	.196, P = .0248	.196, P = .0251	.248, P = .0047
Kynurenine mmol/mol Cr, 24 h	.377, P = .0005	.202, P = .0191	.215, P = .0138	.214, P = .0140	.216, P = .0143
Kynurenic acid mmol/mol Cr, 24 h	−.259, P = .0195	−.005, P = .9580	.017, P = .8467	.016, P = .8568	.079, P = .3757
5 HIAA mg/g Cr, 24 h	.005, P = .9662	−.161, P = .0635	−.152, P = .0823	−.152, P = .0828	.032, P = .7177
Serotonin nmol/mmol Cr, 24 h	−.014, P = .9036	−.011, P = .9019	.03, P = .7359	.03, P = .7353	.083, P = .3584
Kynurenine/tryptophan, 24 h	.196, P = .0795	.135, P = .1191	.123, P = .1607	.123, P = .1601	.084, P = .3464
5-HIAA/tryptophan, 24 h	−.406, P = .0002	−.321, P = .0002	−.327, P = .0001	−.327, P = .0001	−.272, P = .0019
5-HIAA/kynurenine, 24 h	−.391, P = .0003	−.245, P = .0044	−.251, P = .0039	−.251, P = .0039	−.188, P = .0340
Kynurenine/serotonin, 24 h	.443, P < .0001	.212, P = .0157	.199, P = .0240	.199, P = .0243	.193, P = .0319
Serotonin/tryptophan, 24 h	−.423, P = .0001	−.229, P = .0089	−.206, P = .0198	−.205, P = .0203	−.237, P = .0081

Abbreviations: BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; BCKA, branched-chain ketoacid; BF%, percent body fat; BMI, body mass index; Cr, creatinine; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; KIC, α-keto-isocaproate; KIV, α-keto-valerate; KMV, α-keto-β-methylvalerate.