Table 2.
Risk of bias assessment of included studies with persistent hypertension as a primary outcome (n = 20).
| Author and year | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | Overall score | Risk of bias | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposed representation | Selection of non-exposed group | Ascertainment of HDP | At the study start outcome was absent | Adjustment for age and BMI | Outcome assessment | Follow up length | Adequacy of follow up | |||
| Amougou et al. (57) | Yes | – | – | Yes | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | 5/8 (62.5%) | High |
| Babah et al. (48) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 8/8 (100%) | Low |
| Cho et al. (58) | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | 6/8 (75.0%) | Moderate |
| Fadalallah et al. (15) | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 (87.5%) | Low |
| Tornes et al. (66) | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 (87.5%) | Low |
| Ishaku et al. (35) | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 (87.5%) | Low |
| Kaze et al. (14) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 (87.5%) | Low | |
| Keepanasseril et al. (50) | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 (87.5%) | Low |
| Lugobe et al. (64) | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 (87.5%) | Low |
| Ma and Yao (51) | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 (87.5%) | Low |
| Mooij et al. (62) | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | – | 5/8 (62.5%) | High |
| Muteke et al. (65) | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 (87.5%) | Low |
| Nakimuli et al. (56) | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 (87.5%) | Low |
| Ndayambagye et al. (52) | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 (87.5%) | Low |
| Nganou-Gnindjio et al. (63) | Yes | – | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | – | 4/8 (50.0%) | High |
| Olagbuji et al. (53) | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 (87.5%) | Low |
| Shahbazian et al. (59) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 (87.5%) | Low |
| Shammas (60) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 (87.5%) | Low |
| Sukmanee et al. (16) | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | – | – | 5/8 (62.5%) | High |
| Wang et al. (61) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 8/8 (100%) | Low |