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. 2024 Mar 1;12:1334425. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1334425

Table 3.

Associations between changes in depression and nature exposure from the COVID-19 lockdown to the current time in Bangladesh and Egypt (N = 1,216).

Bangladesh (N = 556) Egypt (N = 660)
B Std. B 95% Cl p B Std. B 95% Cl p
Gender 0.308 0.083 −0.018 0.633 0.064 0.1 0.031 −0.153 0.352 0.438
Age −0.285 −0.077 −0.607 0.038 0.084 −0.384 −0.023 −1.945 1.176 0.629
Marital status −0.203 −0.043 −0.607 0.202 0.326 −0.281 −0.013 −2.34 1.778 0.789
Current place of residence (urban) 0.028 0.006 −0.345 0.402 0.882 0.056 0.011 −0.323 0.434 0.772
Monthly family income −0.146 −0.087 −0.29 −0.002 0.047 −0.035 −0.011 −0.278 0.207 0.776
COVID-19 diagnosis −0.045 −0.014 −0.318 0.228 0.747 −0.059 −0.026 −0.237 0.12 0.519
Presence of long-standing illness 0.029 0.004 −0.507 0.565 0.916 0.15 0.024 −0.391 0.692 0.586
Habit of smoking 0.809 0.155 0.345 1.273 0.001 0.474 0.048 −0.334 1.283 0.25
BMI 0.022 0.05 −0.015 0.06 0.242 0.014 0.038 −0.014 0.042 0.336
Nature exposure
Δ indoor plants 0.094 0.051 −0.065 0.253 0.246 −0.119 −0.099 −0.211 −0.026 0.012
Δ Window views of nature −0.037 −0.023 −0.177 0.102 0.598 −0.138 −0.073 −0.285 0.008 0.063
Δ Time spent outdoors −0.256 −0.147 −0.4 −0.111 0.001 0.012 0.01 −0.082 0.106 0.801
Δ NDVI500 −0.658 −0.017 −3.776 2.459 0.679 −1.223 −0.012 −9.22 6.774 0.764
R2/Adjusted R2 0.066/0.044 0.025/0.005

Δ = value at the current time minus value in the lockdown period.