Table 1.
Summary and baseline characteristics of the included studies
| Study ID | Country | Sample Siz, KD/KP | Age (year) M (SD), KD/KP | Gender, male, KD/KP | Weight (Kg) M (SD), KD/KF | Procedure | Procedure duration (Min), M (SD), KD/KP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shetabi et al. (2023) | Iran | 26/26 | 7.19 (3.8)/6.9 (3.9) | 15/18 | 29.2 (16)/25.7 (16.8) | Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy | 20.7 (12.4)/21.6 (10.3) |
| Bachula et al. (2023) | India | 30/30 | 5.5 (2.3)/5.9 (2.8) | NA | 14.5 (5.3)/15.9 (6.3) | Elective daycare surgeries: circumcision, cystoscopy, herniotomy, urethral calibration, I&D, and suturing | 30 (NA)/30 (NA) |
| Raj et al. (2022) | India | 33/34 | 27.09 (4.6)/27 (3.6) | NA | NA | Postoperative obstetric patients | NA |
| Makwana et al. (2022) | India | 38/37 | 37.11(12.6)/42.9(14.6) | NA | 59.9 (7.3)/60.3 (9.8) | Upper limb surgeries | NA |
| Singh et al. (2022) | India | 42/42 | 43.83 (15.4)/49.7 (16.9) | 22/22 | NA | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | 46.7 (19.2)/46.7 (19.2) |
| Yeter et al. (2022) | Turkey | 30/30 | 40 (17)/45 (15) | 15/18 | 74 (15)/75 (16) | Electro-convulsive therapy | 0.7 (0.4)/0.4 (0.3) |
| Algharabawy et al. (2021) | Egypt | 35/35 | 44.3 (6.8)/46.6 (3.8) | 25/24 | 84.5 (4.3)/82.3 (3.9) | Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy | 15.3 (3.6)/14.1 (2.9) |
| Azizkhani et al. (Aug. 2021) | Iran | 31/31 | 7.3 (3.7)/9 (5) | 18/20 | 25.9 (11.9)/33.3 (20.1) | Painful procedures in emergency department | 10.2 (3.1)/10.1 (3.4) |
| Azizkhani et al. (July 2021) | Iran | 31/31 | 39 (18)/42 (17) | 24/25 | 71 (11)/75 (26) | Painful procedures in emergency department | 12 (3)/12 (3) |
| Joshi et al. (2020) | India | 15/15 | NA | NA | NA | Dental treatment | NA |
| Saini et al. (2020) | India | 50/50 | 43.7 (9.9)/45.1 (10.7) | 19/21 | 70.3 (6.7)/69.5 (5.8) | Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy | 54.8 (6.7)/52.9 (7.9) |
| Amer et al. (2020) | Egypt | 60/60 | 3.5 (1.6)/4.3 (1.7) | 30/24 | 15 (4)/17.3 (5.6) | Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy | 5.7 (2.2)/5.6 (1.9) |
| El Sharkawy et al. (2019) | Egypt | 30/30 | 43.6 (11.6)/40.8 (13.5) | 17/14 | NA | Elective surgery under General Anesthesia | NA |
| Sree et al. (2019) | India | 31/29 | 3.3 (3.8)/4.2 (4.6) | 12/17 | Cardiac catheterization | 94 (45.1)/92 (47) | |
| Mogahd et al. (2017) | Egypt | 35/35 | 53.5 (4.9)/54.9 (5.3) | 18/20 | 79.7 (6.4)/81.4 (6.9) | Coronary artery bypass graft surgery | NA |
| Canpolat et al. (2017) | Turkey | 30/30 | 5.3 (1.7)/5.4 (1.4) | 18/17 | 20.9 (7.1)/19.7 (4.5) | Dental treatment | 7.5 (3)/7.8 (3.8) |
| Joshi et al. (2017) | India | 30/30 | 4.84 (2.6)/5.1 (2.2) | NA | 15.5 (6.3)/16.6 (5.4) | Cardiac minor procedures and catheterization | 44 (10.8)/39.2 (11.7) |
| Simsek et al. (2016) | Turkey | 20/20 | 4.37 (2.9)/5.3 (2.9) | 7/11 | 17.2 (14.7)/20.1 (10.2) | Cardiac catheterization | 44.4 (25.4)/53.9 (24.1) |
| Ali et al. (2014) | India | 29/30 | 4.3 (3)/4.5 (3.3) | 14/12 | 13.1 (5.5)/15.4 (9.7) | Cardiac catheterization | NA |
| Shaaban et al. (2014) | Egypt | 20/20 | 6–12 years, range | 15 | NA | Invasive oncology procedures | NA |
| Canpolat et al. (2012) | Turkey | 30/30 | 2.4 (1.5)/2.4 (1.2) | 21/19 | 13.6 (3.7)/13.3 (3.3) | Burn wound dressing changes | 11 (4.8)/10.3 (5.5) |
| Tosun et al. (2006) | Turkey | 22/22 | 7.08 (3.9)/6.3 (4.7) | 10/10 | 24.6 (18.6)/19.6 (13.5) | Cardiac catheterization | 42.8 (20.9)/52.1 (20.9) |
Data presents as mean (standard deviation) of ketadex group/ketofol group
NA non-available data