Table 3.

Results of path analysis.

Path			B	se	t or Z	p	LLCI	ULCI
PP	→	SE	0.494	0.058	29.383	<0.001	0.461	0.527
PP	→	SA	−0.106	0.022	−4.890	<0.001	−0.149	−0.064
SE	→	SA	−0.366	0.023	−16.172	<0.001	−0.410	−0.321
PP	→	CP	−0.045	0.117	−0.386	0.700	−0.275	0.185
SE	→	CP	−0.155	0.130	−1.200	0.230	−0.409	0.098
SA	→	CP	0.698	0.113	6.199	<0.001	0.477	0.919

PP, Positive parenting; SE, Self-esteem; SA, Smartphone addiction; CP, Cyberbullying perpetration; CI, Confidence interval; LLCI, Lower limit CI; ULCI, Upper limit CI.