Table 2.
Environmental and human health risks (mean values) of three herbicides in urban and agricultural soils
| Soil ID |
Kd (L/kg) |
GUS | LIX | H | HQing (Adults) | HQing (Adolescent) | HQder (Adults) | HQder (Adolescent) | HQinh (Adults) | HQinh (Adolescent) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dimethenamid−P | ||||||||||
| QLD | 9.12 | 0.38 | < 0.02 | 0.58 | 1.58 × 10−4 | 1.43 × 10−4 | 8.21 × 10−5 | 1.04 × 10−4 | 2.03 × 10−8 | 1.84 × 10−8 |
| MAT | 9.54 | 0.50 | < 0.02 | 0.61 | 1.60 × 10−4 | 1.45 × 10−4 | 8.32 × 10−5 | 1.05 × 10−4 | 2.06 × 10−8 | 1.86 × 10−8 |
| TAR | 11.24 | 1.51 | < 0.02 | 0.51 | 1.68 × 10−4 | 1.51 × 10−4 | 8.71 × 10−5 | 1.10 × 10−4 | 2.16 × 10−8 | 1.95 × 10−8 |
| CAL | 23.16 | 1.82 | < 0.02 | 0.85 | 1.94 × 10−4 | 1.75 × 10−4 | 1.00 × 10−4 | 1.28 × 10−4 | 2.50 × 10−8 | 2.26 × 10−8 |
| FLE | 20.52 | 0.96 | < 0.02 | 0.88 | 1.90 × 10−4 | 1.72 × 10−4 | 9.89 × 10−5 | 1.25 × 10−4 | 2.45 × 10−8 | 2.22 × 10−8 |
| Metazachlor | ||||||||||
| QLD | 7.80 | 0.57 | < 0.02 | 0.31 | 2.25 × 10−5 | 2.04 × 10−5 | 1.17 × 10−5 | 1.48 × 10−5 | 5.75 × 10−8 | 2.62 × 10−9 |
| MAT | 9.32 | 0.63 | < 0.02 | 0.92 | 2.37 × 10−5 | 2.14 × 10−5 | 1.23 × 10−5 | 1.56 × 10−5 | 6.11 × 10−8 | 2.76 × 10−9 |
| TAR | 8.12 | 2.06 | 0.02 | 0.34 | 2.28 × 10−5 | 2.06 × 10−5 | 1.18 × 10−5 | 1.50 × 10−5 | 5.88 × 10−8 | 2.66 × 10−9 |
| CAL | 16.92 | 2.44 | 0.11 | 0.69 | 2.76 × 10−5 | 2.50 × 10−5 | 1.43 × 10−5 | 1.82 × 10−5 | 7.12 × 10−8 | 3.22 × 10−9 |
| FLE | 12.99 | 1.47 | < 0.02 | 0.67 | 2.61 × 10−5 | 2.36 × 10−5 | 1.35 × 10−5 | 1.72 × 10−5 | 6.72 × 10−8 | 3.04 × 10−9 |
| Pyroxasulfone | ||||||||||
| QLD | 12.76 | 0.37 | < 0.02 | 0.31 | 2.58 × 10−4 | 2.33 × 10−4 | 1.34 × 10−4 | 1.70 × 10−4 | 3.33 × 10−8 | 3.01 × 10−8 |
| MAT | 24.53 | 0.02 | < 0.02 | 0.27 | 2.94 × 10−4 | 2.66 × 10−4 | 1.52 × 10−4 | 1.93 × 10−4 | 3.78 × 10−8 | 3.42 × 10−8 |
| TAR | 10.85 | 2.78 | 0.35 | 0.65 | 2.46 × 10−4 | 2.22 × 10−4 | 1.27 × 10−4 | 1.62 × 10−4 | 3.16 × 10−8 | 2.86 × 10−8 |
| CAL | 17.58 | 3.59 | 0.64 | 0.62 | 2.75 × 10−4 | 2.48 × 10−4 | 1.42 × 10−4 | 1.81 × 10−4 | 3.53 × 10−8 | 3.20 × 10−8 |
| FLE | 13.88 | 2.12 | 0.13 | 0.88 | 2.60 × 10−4 | 2.35 × 10−4 | 1.35 × 10−4 | 1.71 × 10−4 | 3.35 × 10−8 | 3.03 × 10−8 |
Kd, Solid‒aqueous phase distribution coefficient; GUS Groundwater ubiquity score; LIX Leachability index; H Hysteresis index; HQing, Hazard quotient via ingestion; HQder, Hazard quotient via dermal contact; HQinh, Hazard quotient via inhalation; QLD Queensland; MAT Maitland; TAR Taree; CAL Callaghan; FLE Fletcher