Table 1.

Mendelian randomization estimates for the association between thyroid cancer and micronutrient.

Exposure	Outcome	n SNPs	IVW odds ratio (95% CI)	IVW p-valuea	Cochrane’s Q	Cochrane’s Q p-valuea	MR-Egger Interceptb	MR-Egger Intercept p-valuea
VD	Thyroid cancer	115	0.89 (0.61–1.30)	0.561	115.252	0.449	−0.004	0.599
VC	Thyroid cancer	65	0.95 (0.87–1.03)	0.219	77.3101	0.123	−0.022	0.716
Ca	Thyroid cancer	189	1.12 (0.84–1.51)	0.431	187.335	0.479	−0.007	0.342
Ir	Thyroid cancer	3	1.18 (0.81–1.73)	0.385	0.161	0.923	0.014	0.869
Cu	Thyroid cancer	2	0.88 (0.65–1.20)	0.414	0.131	0.717	NAc	NAc
Zn	Thyroid cancer	2	0.87 (0.64–1.19)	0.399	0.499	0.479	NAc	NAc

^aNominal p-value.

^bThe MR-Egger intercept quantifies the effect of directional pleiotropy (p < 0.05, which means possible pleiotropy).

^cInsufficient number of SNPs for MR-Egger analysis.

Cu, copper; Ir, iron; Ca, calcium; Zn, zinc; VD, vitamin D; VC, vitamin C; SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms; IVW, inverse variance weighting.