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. 2024 Mar 14;14:6201. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56525-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Black-grass density and resistance in surveyed fields (n = 125) across 13 counties in England. Resistance is the average resistance of a population to two selective herbicides (Atlantis and cycloxidim). For the purposes of illustrating the data, mean black-grass density across all quadrats in a field is categorised as follows: 0–0.5 = absent; > 0.5–< 1.5 = low; ≥ 1.5–< 2.5 = medium; ≥ 2.5–< 3.5 = high; ≥ 3.5 = very high. County abbreviations as follows: N.Yorks, North Yorkshire; E.R. Yorks, East Riding of Yorkshire; S. Yorks, South Yorkshire; Notts, Nottinghamshire; Lincs, Lincolnshire; Leics, Leicestershire; Warw, Warwickshire; Northants, Northamptonshire; Cambs, Cambridgeshire; Oxon, Oxfordshire; Bucks, Buckinghamshire; Beds, Bedfordshire.