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. 2024 Mar 15;14:6243. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56729-4

Table 13.

Heterogeneity test results.

(State enterprises) ln_digi2 (Private enterprises) ln_digi2 (Identical) ln_digi2 (Non-identical) ln_digi2 (Manufacturing) ln_digi2 (Other) ln_digi2 (Recession) ln_digi2 (The rest) ln_digi2
Size 0.1802*** (14.75) 0.2716*** (26.01) 0.2370*** (12.93) 0.2387*** (26.88) 0.1171*** (4.71) 0.2558*** (31.46) 0.2565*** (31.39) 0.2100*** (6.82)
Lev 0.0027 (0.06) 0.0093*** (2.95) 0.0043 (0.38) 0.0073** (2.38) 0.0104 (1.19) 0.0079** (2.49) 0.0107*** (3.20) 0.0020 (0.20)
REC 0.6986*** (5.53) 0.6374*** (6.64) 0.6046*** (3.85) 0.7923*** (8.91) 0.4448** (2.08) 0.7224*** (8.94) 0.7261*** (9.04) 0.8232*** (2.97)
ROA 0.2857*** (3.11) − 0.0090 (− 0.41) − 0.0044 (− 0.13) − 0.0050 (− 0.17) 0.0054 (0.17) − 0.0011 (− 0.04) 0.0490 (1.14) − 0.0112 (− 0.39)
Mfee 0.0035 (0.49) 0.0003* (1.79) 0.0001 (0.12) 0.0002 (1.19) 0.0000 (0.05) 0.0003 (1.53) 0.0004** (2.19) − 0.0011 (− 0.09)
Top1 − 0.3807*** (− 4.37) − 0.6183*** (− 7.52) − 0.7612*** (− 4.96) − 0.5166*** (− 7.89) − 0.9980*** (− 5.39) − 0.6221*** (− 9.95) − 0.6550*** (− 10.82) − 0.3876 (− 1.26)
overseainc − 0.0875 (− 1.27) − 0.2756*** (− 5.63) − 0.3993*** (− 5.05) − 0.1708*** (− 3.54) 0.0713 (0.69) − 0.2390*** (− 5.44) − 0.2398*** (− 5.79) − 0.3301* (− 1.75)
ecycle − 0.0051 (− 0.21) − 0.0283 (− 1.24) 0.0310 (0.88) − 0.0287 (− 1.49) − 0.0858* (− 1.90) − 0.0139 (− 0.77)
FirmAge − 0.4341*** (− 6.09) 0.2022*** (3.42) 0.1710* (1.70) − 0.0416 (− 0.78) − 0.0610 (− 0.47) 0.1821*** (3.80) 0.0901** (1.96) 0.2063 (0.48)
hhi_d − 0.1759** (− 2.41) − 0.3796*** (− 5.38) − 0.2476** (− 2.15) − 0.3296*** (− 5.68) − 0.6827* (− 1.87) − 0.3135*** (− 5.93) − 0.2979*** (− 5.58) 0.2232 (0.82)
SOE − 0.1114 (− 1.48) − 0.0029 (− 0.11) − 0.1933*** (− 3.22) 0.0001 (0.00) − 0.0603** (− 2.32) − 0.0084 (− 0.08)
_cons − 2.5261*** (− 8.18) − 5.5315*** (− 22.14) − 4.7979*** (− 11.22) − 4.4738*** (− 20.23) − 1.8028*** (− 3.12) − 5.1871*** (− 25.98) − 5.0405*** (− 25.67) − 4.4090*** (− 3.39)
Year Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 14,169 23,654 10,312 27,511 5,319 32,504 35,608 2,215
adj. R2 0.293 0.288 0.190 0.279 0.206 0.300 0.296 − 0.395
F 301.5416 540.4887 197.6344 562.0322 87.9027 709.5102 806.6601 20.4412

t statistics in parentheses.

* p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01.